Show:
Skinner
Vygotsky
Piaget
Bruner
Miscellaneous
100
Skinner's theory of _______ _______ viewed learning as a response to external stimuli in the environment.
operant conditioning
100
Vygotsky was most famous for what theory?
social cognitive theory
100
What did Jean Piaget do in the 1920's?
Jean Piaget began conducting interviews and research studies with children in the 1920's
100
How does Bruner connect to Piaget?
Bruner took Piaget's ideas a step firther by arguing that at any stage of cognitive development, teachers should allow children to discover ideas for themselves.
100
What is constructivism?
A group of theories about knowledge and learning whose basic tenet is that all knowledge is constructed by synthesizing new ideas with prior knowledge. Constructivism holds that knowledge is not passively recieved; rather it is actively built by the learner as he or she experiences the world.
200
what is behaviorism
the theory that learning takes place in response to reinforcements (rewards or punishments) from the outside environment
200
Define social cognitive theory
explanations that describe how learning involves interactions between the learner and the social environement
200
What are these known as? Formal operational (11+ years) concrete operational (7-11 years) preoperational (2-7 years) sensorimotor (birth-2 years)
Piaget's Stages of Development
200
What did his work become known as?
discovery learning
200
what is a mental scheme?
It is a sort of organizer in the brain, as a result of all of your experiences during your lifetime, you have formed these organizing structures in your mind that help you make sense of the world.
300
what are somme examples of external rewards?
good grades, increased privileges, special smile from the teacher
300
The teacher and students in a classroom use language that is socially and culturally accepted in that specific environment. How is the language used in school different than the language and cultural environment students experience outside of school, and how does that impact a childs' learning and how does it relate to social cognitive learning theories?
answers may vary Ex: language is different outside of school, because it is not always the same environment that a child may be learning in. Also, this could impact a child because it may teach a child a sense of "street smarts" and it relates to social cognitive learning because with this theory students learn by socializing with others, possibly outside of school.
300
What is this called: the explanations of the mental processes that occur during learning
cognitive learning theories
300
What is one way that Bruner and Piaget differ?
Piaget believed that readiness for a particular type of learning depended on a child's stage of cognitive development, Bruner noticed that children are always ready to learn a concept at some level.
300
what is this: a plan of studies that includes the ways instructional content is organized and presented at each grade level.
curriculum
400
What time period did Skinner compose his theory of how people learn?
mid-1900s
400
What could be an example of social cognitive learning?
answers may vary Ex. when students work in groups and read each other's writing, and in order to critique and help each other, they must socialize and converse with one another to learn what they need to improve on in their writing
400
What are the differences between cognitive learning theories and social cognitive theories?
cognitive learning theories are explanations of the mental learning process, and social cognitive learning is explanations that describe how learning is connected to socialization.
400
What is discovery learning?
when students discover ideas on their own and learn from what they discovered
400
Define informal curriculum
learning experiences that go beyond the formal curriculum, such as activities the teacher introduces to connect academic conceots to the students' daily lives
500
What are the most valuable consequences for students to help them learn? a. discipline/punishments b. rewards c. gold stars
b. rewards
500
Many social cognitivists stress the importance of _________.
modeling
500
What does the Concrete operational stage in Piaget's Stages of Development?
the child develops the ability to generalize concepts from concrete experiences
500
What is an example of discovery learning?
answers may vary Ex. when students are working on a group project together, they discover what works and what does not work on the project
500
What does assessment mean?
collecting information to determine the progress of students' learning