Helping Verbs
Auxiliary or modal?
He is going to the store.
Auxiliary verb (to be)
He is going to the store.
List the three times associated with verbs.
past, present, future
What is the difference between simple and complex verb tenses?
The complex verb tense combines time with aspect (progressive, perfect, or perfect progressive)
Which aspect allows us to describe actions as backgrounds to other actions or actions in progress?
The progressive aspect allows us to describe actions as backgrounds to other actions or actions in progress.
List the three auxiliary verbs
be, do, have
Does the following sentence include a simple verb tense?
Mary walked her dog in the park last night.
Yes, the sentence employs a verb in its simple past tense.
Mary walked her dog in the park last night.
They wanted to leave the party.
They had left the party early.
Which of these sentences is an example of complex tense?
They had left the party early. is an example of complex tense.
Which aspect serves to associate an action with a later action?
The perfect aspect serves to associate an action with a later action.
When an auxiliary verb is present, the main verb occurs in one of its ______ forms.
When an auxiliary verb is present, the main verb occurs in one of its nonfinite forms.
(the present participle, the past participle, or the bare infinitive)
Which sentence uses a simple verb tense?
The bookstore closes at 5 p.m. every weekday.
The bookstore will close at 5 p.m. tomorrow.
Simple verb tense:
The bookstore closes at 5 p.m. every weekday.
The other option, "The bookstore will close at 5 p.m. tomorrow" uses complex verb tense.
Walter will have been at the movies all night.
Which tense (past, present, future + progressive, perfect, perfect progressive) is used in this sentence?
Future perfect progressive tense
Walter will have been at the movies all night.
He has attended class
He had attended class
He will have attended class
Which aspect is present in these complex verb tenses?
The perfect aspect
Perfect Tenses = (Have + Time) + Past Participle
Choose a modal verb which indicates obligation.
The students ____ do their homework.
The students should do their homework.
Using the sentence She write books, write sentences using simple past, simple present, and simple future tenses.
Simple past: She wrote books.
Simple present: She writes books.
Simple future: She will write books.
Kiara has waited for over twenty minutes.
Which tense (past, present, future + progressive, perfect, perfect progressive) is used in this sentence?
Present perfect tense
Kiara has waited for over twenty minutes.
PAST
Martin finishes his poem
(Then)
His coworkers get back to work
Use these events to form a sentence with the perfect aspect.
By the time Martin finished his poem, his coworkers had gotten back to work.
Modals in the then part of an if-then hypothetical function as ______.
Modals in the then part of an if-then hypothetical function as conditionals.
If the subject is ________, verbs will typically add the suffix -s or -es to mark the present tense.
If the subject is third-person singular, verbs will typically add the suffix -s or -es to mark the present tense.
They were playing pool downstairs.
Which tense (past, present, future + progressive, perfect, perfect progressive) is used in this sentence?
Past progressive tense
They were playing pool downstairs.
By the end of the week, the homework will be due.
He is completing his homework.
These sentences are examples of which aspect(s)?
Perfect tense: By the end of the week, the homework will be due.
Progressive tense: He is completing his homework.