A
What is a student that is more knowledgeable than his or her partner in a instructional activity?
Expert
What is it called when teachers support students by directing their learning?
Scaffolding
What is a student that is less familiar with information taught than his or her partner?
Novice
What is a component essential to observational learning that occurs through reinforcement?
Motivation
What is a rehearsal strategy that we use to keep information in short-term memory or to transfer information into long-term memory?
Chunking
What is withholding reinforcement so as to extinguish a behavior?
Extinction
What increases behavior when presented immediately following the response
What is knowledge of tasks and strategies and the flexible use of a strategy?
Metacognition
What refers to the translation of stored images and verbal descriptions into actions?
Production
What is knowledge about when to use certain bits of declarative knowledge with procedural knowledge?
Conditional Knowledge
What helps one focus in on those important bits of information in a task that are crucial to learning or functioning?
Attention
What is a packet of knowledge about a particular concept that is stored in long-term memory?
Schema
What is the type of reinforcer that increases behaviors when removed? It is not punishment but instead it is the removal of something that that the student does not appreciate
Negative Reinforcer
What is a crucial aspect for remembering information from observations; an essential component for observational learning?
Retention
What is a student that directly assists or teaches other students skills or knowledge?
Classwide Peer Tutoring
What is the process of providing the reinforce only when the response occurs?
Contingent Reinforcement
What is the ability to control one's behavior or actions, even when others are not around to judge the individual?
Self-Control
What is knowledge about steps or procedures that is stored in long-term memory?
Procedural Knowledge
What is anything that increases the rate with which an operant response occurs?
Reinforcer
What is organizing students into heterogeneous groups into four of five students in which the students are responsible for achieving group and individual goals?
Cooperative Learning
What is a process that works by elaborating on information from long-term memory to associate it with new information?
Elabborative Rehearsal
What is a method that looks for alternative behaviors that are not mutually exclusive?
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative
What is ones beliefs about what one is capable of doing?
Self-Efficacy
What is any response that is followed by reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated, and any response that is followed by punishment or by being ignored tends not to be repeated?
Operant Conditioning
What is Bandura's early work that examined how young children would change their behaviors after observing a model?
Observational Learning