Anatomy of Ovaries
Volume of more than __cc is considered abnormal for a postmenopausal patient
8.0cc
In a normal ovary, it will have a _____ echotexture
Homogeneous
___ develops if fluid in nondominant follicles not reabsorbed
Follicular cyst
_____account for approximately 10% of adnexal masses. They arise from the broad ligament and usually are of mesothelial or paramesonephric origin.
Paraovarian cysts
Which stage of ovarian carcinoma has the cancer spread to the abdomen?
Stage 3
In an anteflexed midline uterus the ovaries are usually idenfied ______ or ______
Laterally or Posterolaterally
Multiple small, punctate _____ commonly seen in normal ovary with a typical measurement of ___ - ___mm
Echogenic foci, 1-2mm
In 70% of patients with ___ ultrasound examination shows simple or septate thin-walled multilocular cysts., most frequently women 40-70
Mucinous Cystadenoma
What is a common condition in which functioning endometrial tissue is present outside the uterus and where can the tissue be found? (list 4)
Endometriosis can be found in the ovary, fallopian tube, broad ligament, external surface of the uterus, bladder, cul de sac, and over the peritoneum.
A mass found in the ovary bigger than ____cm is more likely to be malignant.
10cm
In a retroverted uterus the ovaries tend to be ______ and _____
Lateral and superior
Occurance of fluid is commonly seen after ovulation and peaks in the early ____ phase
Luteal phase
Second most common benign tumor of ovary (after dermoid cyst) is ___
Serous Cystadenoma
What do these findings describe? Multiple tiny follicles around a hypoechoic mass, and a completely solid adnexal mass. Free fluid may be present in the pelvis. Doppler examination usually reveals absent blood flow.
Ovarian torsion
What type of epithelial tumor is lined by mucinous elements of endocervix and bowel?
Mucinous cystadenoma
In adult menstrating female, the normal ovary may have a volume as large as ___cc with a mean ovarian volume of __ - __cc
22cc, 9.8 - 5.8cc
Following ovulation in luteal phase, mature corpus luteum develops and may be identified sonographically as a small _____ or ____ structure peripherally within ovary
Hypoechoic or isoechoic
___ often occurs as mixed tumors with elements of 2-3 varieties, associated with elevated AFP and hCG levels.
Germ Cell Tumors
What is the 4th leading cause of cancer death and why is it a “silent” cancer?
Ovarian carcinoma, silent cancer because of its relative absence of symptoms early in the disease. It is commonly detected until advanced stages 2-3.
What is the second most benign tumor of the ovary?
Serous cystadenoma
The position of the ovaries are influenced by what ( 2 things)
Uterine location and ligament attachments
Visualization of cumulus oophorus indicates ____ and ____.
Mature follicle and imminent ovulation
___ contains fatty, sebaceous material, hair, cartilage, bone, teeth
Teratoma: Dermoid Tumor
What is the most common ovarian neoplasm, constituting 20% of ovarian tumors and what are the 3 germ layers they are composed of?
Dermoid tumors - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
What do teratomas consist of? (5 things)
Fatty material, hair, cartilage, teeth, bone