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Structure and Function of the Mammalian and Avian Respiratory Systems
Structure and Function of the Mammalian and Avian Respiratory Systems 2
Structure and Function of the Mammalian and Avian Respiratory Systems 3
Structure and Function of the Mammalian and Avian Respiratory Systems 4/Mechanisms of Oxygen Transport in Blood
Mechanisms of Oxygen Transport in Blood 2/Control of Ventilation in Mammalian Lungs/Adaptations to Extreme Conditions/Impact on Public Health
100
A portion of the vertebrate alimentary canal; also known as the throat.
What is Pharynx
100
Saclike structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
What is alveoli
100
A type of breathing in mammals in which the lungs are inflated with air and then the chest muscles and diaphragm relax and recoil back to their original positions as an animal exhales. During exhalation, air leaves via the same route that it entered during inhalation, and no new oxygen is delivered to the airways at that time.
What is tidal ventilation
100
In birds, a series of parallel air tubes that make up the lungs and are the regions of gas exchange.
What is parabronchi
100
A disease due to a genetic mutation in a hemoglobin gene in which sickle-shaped red blood cells are less able to move smoothly through capillaries and can block blood flow, resulting in severe pain and cell death of the surrounding tissue.
What is sickle cell disease
200
The segment of the respiratory tract that contains the vocal cords.
What is larynx
200
A double layer of moist sheathlike membranes that encases each lung.
What is pleural sac
200
The volume of air that is normally breathed in and out at rest.
What is tidal volume
200
A large protein that contains one or more metal atoms that bind to oxygen.
What is respiratory pigment
200
Several regions of the brainstem in vertebrates that initiate expansion of the lungs.
What is respiratory centers
300
The name of the tube leading to the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates.
What is trachea
300
The mechanism by which reptiles, birds, and mammals ventilate their lungs.
What is negative pressure filling
300
A mixture of proteins and amphipathic lipids produced in certain alveolar cells that prevents the collapse of alveoli by reducing surface tension in the lungs.
What is surfactant
300
An iron-containing protein that binds oxygen and is found within the cytosol of red blood cells.
What is hemoglobin
300
A sensory receptor in animals that responds to specific chemical compounds.
What is chemoreceptor
400
Tubes branching from the trachea and leading into the lungs.
What is bronchi
400
Muscles of the rib cage that contract during inhalation, thereby expanding the chest.
What is external intercostal muscles
400
The situation in which a human baby is born prematurely, before sufficient surfactant is produced in the lungs, causing the collapse of many alveoli.
What is respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
400
A copper-containing pigment that binds oxygen and gives blood or hemolymph a bluish tint.
What is hemocyanin
400
A disease in which the smooth muscles around the bronchioles contract more than usual, decreasing airflow in the lungs.
What is asthma
500
A thin-walled, small tube branching from the bronchi and leading to the alveoli in mammalian lungs.
What is bronchioles
500
A large muscle that subdivides the thoracic cavity from the abdomen in mammals; contraction of the diaphragm enlarges the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
What is Diaphragm
500
A component of the avian respiratory system; air sacs—not lungs—expand when a bird inhales and shrink when it exhales. They do not participate in gas exchange, but help direct air through the lungs.
What is air sacs
500
A curve that represents the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin proteins.
What is oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
500
A compound that binds to the muscles of the bronchioles of the lung and causes them to relax, thereby widening the bronchioles and easing breathing.
What is bronchodilator