The Three Phases
This ancient network of trade routes facilitated the exchange of science, math, and language long before the modern era
The Silk Road
Under this economic system, a colony’s only job was to provide raw materials to its "home country.
Mercantilism
This invention made it possible for new ideas and knowledge to spread to thousands of people very quickly.
Printing Press
This specific biological threat, brought by Europeans, was responsible for the deaths of millions of Indigenous people.
Smallpox
In this brutal system of labor, a person and all of their descendants are considered the private property of an owner.
Chattel Slavery
This 1492 voyage is recognized by many historians as the official start of the second phase of historical globalization
Christopher Columbus first voyage
This famous economic thinker argued for a system of capitalism and free trade to replace government-controlled markets
Adam Smith
This innovation provided the energy needed for mass production and the operation of large factory machines
Steam Power
This term describes the global movement of animals and food (such as coffee and cattle) between continents.
Grand Exchange
These people were usually poor settlers who signed a contract to work for little pay in exchange for travel to a new land.
Indentured laborers
This era, defined by a shift from handmade goods to machine-made goods in factories, marked a major turning point in how the world produced wealth.
Industrial Revolution
This social group in Europe grew larger and wealthier as trade moved money away from nobles and into the hands of merchants.
Middle Class
This mathematical system, which uses ten figures (0-9), replaced Roman Numerals and made global trade calculations easier.
Indo-Arabic numerical system
This is the belief that one culture is superior to another and should be forced upon native populations.
This 1833 law was a major victory for the abolitionist movement, as it ended slavery throughout the British Empire
Emancipation Act
This concept describes how European countries used long-distance travel and technological advances to build large overseas empires.
Imperialism
Unlike mercantilism, this system encourages competition and allows businesses to operate with less government control
Capitalism
These two physical tools were used by European powers to maintain control and rule over Indigenous populations
Cannons and ships
This describes the process where Indigenous peoples were forced off their traditional lands to make room for European settlers.
Displacement
This former slave wrote a famous autobiography that helped Europeans understand the true horrors of life on a plantation.
Olaudah Equiano