Membrane Proteins
What type of membrane protein assists in the movement of molecules in/out of the cell?
Transport proteins
When a molecule diffuses, it does what?
It moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration (aka. it moves down its concentration gradient).
What is energy?
The capacity to cause change or preform work.
What are exergonic reactions?
Energy-releasing reactions (meaning bonds are breaking).
What are the monomers of most enzymes?
Amino acids
What type of membrane protein binds with signaling molecules to convey information to the cell?
Receptor proteins
Name the two types of passive transport.
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
What are the two basic forms of energy?
Kinetic energy and potential energy.
What are endergonic reactions?
Energy-requiring reactions (bonds are built which creates products with a high potential energy).
Where are membrane proteins synthesized?
At the rough ER.
What membrane protein serves as an ID tag?
Glycoproteins
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
It lyses.
What is the measure of energy disorder?
Entropy
What is the job of an enzyme?
To act as a biological catalyst; they speed up the rate of reactions by lowering activation energy.
When a white blood cell engulfs a bacteria through phagocytosis, what helps to break down the bacteria once in the cell?
Lysosomes
What type of membrane protein attaches the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton?
Attachment protein
What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution.
It gets plasmolyzed
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy in the universe in conserved.
What is a coenzyme?
An organic molecule that helps an enzyme function as a catalyst by binding to the active site.
Where in the mitochondria are most of the enzymes that aid in cellular respiration.
In the mitochondrial matrix.
What is the name of the channel protein that allows water to pass through the plasma membrane?
Aquaporin
What are two ways to tell that something is going through active transport.
Molecules are moving against their concentration gradient which requires the use of energy (often in the form of ATP).
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy conversions increase the disorder of the universe (meaning the disorder is growing).
What is the process called when the final product of a series of enzymatic reactions inhibits an enzyme used earlier in the pathway?
Feedback Inhibition
What is the purpose of an integrin?
It is an attachment protein that helps to connect the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton.