Social Cognition 1
Knowledge structures that define situations and guide behaviors; they are about certain types of EVENTS
Scripts
Knowledge structures that represent substantial information about a concept, its attributes, and its relationships to other concepts
Schemas
Global evaluations towards some object or issue (liking or disliking something; in favor or opposed to something)
Attitudes
A conscious evaluative reaction that is clearly linked to some event
Emotion
A quick response of liking or disliking toward something - occurs outside of consciousness, and occurs within the first microseconds of thought
Automatic Affect
The concept of people wanting to take credit for success, but deny blame for failures; blaming internal attributions for success but external attributions for failures
Self-serving bias
Mental shortcuts that provide quick estimates about the likelihood of uncertain events
Heuristics
The finding that people's attitudes become more extreme as they reflect on them
Attitude Polarization
The idea that arousal from one event can transfer to a later event
Excitation transfer
In classical conditioning: a response that, through repeated pairings, s evoked by a formally neutral stimulus
Conditioned Response
Organized packets of information that are stored in memory
Knowledge Structures
Imagining alternatives to past or present events or circumstances (the "what ifs")
Counterfactual Thinking
The uncomfortable feeling people experience when they have two thoughts or conditions conflict with one another
Cognitive Dissonance
Which law proposes that some arousal is better than none, but too much can hurt performance?
The Yerkes-Dodson Law
This type of heuristic emphasizes the tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which you can imagine it (or mentally simulate it)
Simulation Heuristic
Name ONE element that distinguishes automatic from deliberate thinking processes
Awareness, Intention, Control, Effort, and Efficiency
The tendency to attribute our own behavior to the situation, and other people's behavior to their internal traits and dispositions/downplaying their situational causes
Fundamental Attribution Error (or Correspondence Bias)
Name ONE of the ways/theories about how attitudes are formed
Mere Exposure Effect, Embodied Attitudes, Classical Conditions, Operant Conditioning, and Social Learning
Name ONE of the six main goals of affect regulation
Seeking to get into, get out of, or prolong a good mood
Seeking to get into, get out of, or prolong a bad mood
Name ALL three parts of the Dark Triad of Personality
Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism
In schema development, which stage would the following be an example of:
As a child interacts more with their environment, they start to learn more about specific types of animals and their characteristics. They might visit a zoo, see pictures in books, or learn from conversations with parents or teachers. The child starts to learn that dogs have different breeds and sizes.
Refinement of Schema
According to the Two-Dimensional Attribution Theory, if we are attributing success to "luck" this would be in what two domains? (internal vs. external, and stable vs. unstable)
Unstable, External
What is the remedy for reducing belief perseverance?
Arguing both sides - explaining the opposite theory
Name ONE of the reasons why we have emotions
Promote belongingness, communicate social information, cause behavior, guide thinking and learning, guide decisions and choices, and help/hurt decision-making
Name one of the ways that people try to resolve inner inconsistency
•Seek new information
•Reinterpret old information
•Realign or abandon cherished beliefs
•Change patterns of behavior