CELL TRANSPORT
Describe the "cell membrane" and name two main functions it provides for the cell.
Cell membrane: phospholipid bilayer that separates inside from outside; functions: protection and regulation (controls what enters/exits).
State the basic idea of diffusion in one sentence (what direction do particles move relative to concentration?)
Diffusion: movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium.
Define osmosis in one sentence.
Osmosis: diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane toward higher solute concentration.
What is the main difference between passive and active transport regarding energy?
Passive: no energy required; Active: requires energy (ATP).
What is Ms. P's favorite video game series?
pokemon
0.5 if u guess zelda
-12093812098 if u guess any fps
Explain what "semipermeable" means in the context of the cell membrane.
Semipermeable: allows some substances through while blocking others based on size, polarity, etc.
Concentration gradient: unequal distribution of particles
Equilibrium: equal distribution of particles in an empty space
Explain what is meant by tonicity and list the three terms used to describe it.
Tonicity: hypo- (lower solute), hyper- (higher solute), iso- (same solute).
Give two examples of passive transport listed in the lesson. 4. 300 — Describe how ATP is used in active transport and name one structure on the membrane that uses ATP.
Examples: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis.
What year was ms p born
1995
Describe how polarity of phospholipids (polar heads and nonpolar tails) helps create the membrane's barrier properties.
Polar heads face outward (interact with water); nonpolar tails face inward, creating a hydrophobic interior that blocks polar molecules.
a cell has a greater concentration of water than its neighboring cell. if all particles are unable to cross the membrane, what types of particles will move and when will it stop?
the original cell will lose water to the surrounding cells until an equilibrium is reached
Describe what happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. Use one of the vocabulary words from the lesson (e.g., lysed, turgid, plasmolyzed, flaccid, shriveled, normal).
In hypotonic solution, animal cell may swell and lyse; plant cell becomes turgid (normal/firm) because cell wall prevents bursting.
Describe how ATP is used in active transport and name one structure on the membrane that uses ATP.
ATP transfers energy to transport proteins (e.g., sodium-potassium pump) to move substances against their gradient.
What subject has Ms. P earned a degree in? (state the level of schooling i.e. bachelors, masters, doctorate, and the correct major for full points). BONUS IF YOU CAN NAME ALL THE ONES SHE CURRENTLY HAS EARENED AND/OR IS ATTEMPTING TO EARN.
1. BS: BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE (NEUROSCIENCE OK)
2. MASTERS: SCIENCE EDUCATION / teaching
3. PHD (NOT YET ATTAINED) NEUROPHYSIOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Explain why a cell membrane increases a cell’s survival, using the house analogy from the lesson.
Increases survival by providing protection and a controlled internal environment (like a house sheltering and regulating conditions)
If you're trying to figure out what types of particles move what are three things to consider?
water concentration
particle distribution
how big the particles are
Explain why water moves toward the area with higher solute concentration even though water tends to move from high to low water concentration. (Hint: relate water movement to solute concentration)
Water moves toward higher solute concentration because water concentration is lower there; net water movement is from region of higher water concentration (low solute) to lower water concentration (high solute).
Explain receptor-mediated endocytosis and how it differs from phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses specific membrane receptors to capture particular molecules; phagocytosis engulfs large particles/food; pinocytosis brings in fluids/small particles non-specifically.
ANYONE CAN PLAY!! THERE ARE 10 BONUS ANSWERS!
400 pts: What job did ms p have RIGHT before working at Kalani?
100+ pts: Name a job Ms. P worked at any point in her life.
ANSWER: lab scientist / researcher
life guard, waitress/ server, bartender, swim coach, clothing walker, professional musician / dj , bartender, tutor (esl/stem), coding tech, assistant line chef
Given a small nonpolar molecule and a large polar molecule, predict which one is more likely to cross the membrane by simple diffusion and justify your answer using membrane structure and polarity.
Small nonpolar molecule crosses more easily via simple diffusion because it is not repelled by the hydrophobic interior.
What additional structures are required for diffusion of large particles?
Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins (channels/carriers) to move substances down their concentration gradient; still passive because no ATP is used.
A plant cell is placed in a solution that causes the cell to become flaccid. Describe the relative tonicity of the solution and explain why plant cells behave differently from animal cells in hypotonic environments.
Flaccid indicates an isotonic or slightly hypertonic environment relative to the plant cell; plant cells become flaccid when water leaves, but plant cell walls prevent full lysis—behavior differs from animal cells because of rigid cell wall and turgor pressure.
A cell must move sodium ions out of the cytoplasm even though the concentration outside is lower than inside. Describe which transport process will accomplish this, whether energy is required, and outline how ATP is used in this process.
Use active transport (e.g., sodium-potassium pump); ATP is hydrolyzed to provide energy to the pump, changing its conformation and moving ions against gradient.
ANYONE CAN PLAY!! 500 FOR ANY ANSWERS THAT ARE FULLY CORRECT:
Name the following go-to orders from Ms. P
-Mcdonalds (5 items)
-Starbucks (1 item, size + add ons)
-Tacobell (1 item)
-Jolibee (1 combo item + 1 individual item)
- 2 mcdoubles, 2 snack wraps & a slushie
- venti coffee + soy milk & vanilla or sugarfree sweetner
- taco party pack
- chicken spaghetti combo + halo halo :D