CATEGORY 1: TYPES OF LONG-TERM MEMORY
Memory for personal experiences and events.
What is episodic memory?
Deep, meaningful processing leads to better recall according to this theory.
What is the Levels-of-Processing approach?
Being directly asked to recall information is this type of memory task.
What is an explicit memory task?
General knowledge structures that guide memory recall.
What is a schema?
The tendency to process pleasant information more efficiently.
What is the Pollyanna principle?
Knowledge about facts, concepts, and the world.
What is semantic memory?
Relating information to yourself to improve memory.
What is the self-reference effect?
Word-completion tasks measure this type of memory.
What is implicit memory?
Exaggerating how consistent your past beliefs were with your current ones.
What is consistency bias?
Misremembering details after being exposed to misleading information.
What is the post-event misinformation effect?
Memory for how to perform skills like driving.
What is procedural memory?
The idea that recall is better when encoding and retrieval contexts match.
What is the encoding specificity principle?
Loss of memory for events before brain damage.
What is retrograde amnesia?
Confusing where a memory came from.
What is source monitoring?
Difficulty recalling old information due to new misleading information.
What is retroactive interference?
The process of taking information into memory.
What is encoding?
Two key reasons deep processing improves memory.
What are elaboration and distinctiveness?
Loss of ability to form new episodic memories.
What is anterograde amnesia?
Mistaking imagined events for real ones.
What is reality monitoring?
Better recognition of faces from your own ethnic group.
What is own-ethnicity bias?
The process of locating and accessing stored information.
What is retrieval?
Research showing memory improves when language at retrieval matches language at encoding.
What is Marian & Foley (2006)?
A situation where one variable affects one memory test but not another.
What is a dissociation?
Vivid memories of emotionally shocking events that are not necessarily accurate.
What are flashbulb memories?
The idea that traumatic memories may be forgotten and later recovered.
What is the recovered-memory perspective?