Inference Making Difficulties
Inhaling
Selection Difficulties
Analytic Listening
100

In addition to these selection problems, there are at least two types of inferences that also interfere with our ability to listen well: snap judgments, and attribution errors.

Inference-making Difficulties
100

You decide at some level of awareness which cues to pay attention to.

Selecting
100

The first step in becoming perceptually aware of another person is to focus attention on that person.

Selection Difficulties

100

Pursues three goals: becoming more aware of your own beliefs and inference, developing an understanding of the other person’s beliefs and inferences and analyzing or testing what you hear

What is Analytic Listening?
200

 inferences that are “usually rather immediate and do not involve complex cognitive processes.”

Snap Judgments
200

Organizing cues [...] applying structure and stability to your world of sensations [...] continue to focus on something until it is recognizable

Organizing
200

One problem we have with attending to the other person is that, when listening, we have a great deal of “spare time"

Fast Thinking
200

This is a pattern of letters or words that helps you remember ideas

Mnemonic Organization
300

Earlier we explained that we make attributions to help make sense out of another person’s behavior by assigning a “cause” or “intention” to their actions. These causes or reasons for behavior become associated with the other’s personality (internal factors) or something in the situation (external factors).”

Attribution Errors
300

To conclude, judge, or go beyond evidence.

Inferring
300

 A second reason why people sometimes “tune out” is to preserve some control over their environments.

Avoiding overload
300

Many listeners don’t pay much attention to transitions, but they are particularly important, because they are the pints at which the speaker signals how one idea relates to others.

Organize by noticing transitions
400

The tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors in producing another’s behavior and to overestimate the role of personality factors.

Fundamental Attribution Error
400

The kind of listening that intensifies and applies the three basic parts of the perception process that we’ve just introduced - selecting, organizing, and inferring.”

Reflective Listening
400

A third reason why we sometimes fail to pay attention is that we’re used to getting information in entertaining packages.

Entertainment Factor
400

Listen for the pattern of ideas the speaker is following. Often, it’s a problem-solution pattern: “This is what’s wrong and this is what I think we should do about it.

Organize by overall pattern