Classical Conditioning
A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response
Unconditioned Stimulus or UCS
Reinforcer that fulfills basic biological needs
Primary Reinforcement
The mental events that take place inside a person’s mind while behaving
Cognition
Key element of observational learning that is needed to learn anything through observation
Attention
Our section for Psych 101 this Midyear
X2
A kind of stimulus that could be paired with UCS and can lead to learning an involuntary response
Conditioned Stimulus or CS
Reinforcer that will lead to an increase in the likelihood of that response being repeated
Positive Reinforcement
The idea that learning could happen without reinforcement, and then later affect behavior
Latent Learning
Key element of observational learning that is needed to remember what was previously done
Memory
Name of our instructor for Psych 101
Ma'am Arlin Ocampo
The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus
Stimulus Generalization
Event that would make responses less likely to happen
Punishment
Rapid perception of relationships, leading to a kind of "aha!" moment
Insight Learning
Key element of observational learning that is needed to reproduce the actions of the model
Imitation
The color of the sun
Yellow
Weakening of a learned response due to the absence of the UCS
Extinction
A response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses will be more resistant to extinction
Partial Reinforcement Effect
The tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past
Learned Helplessness
Key element of observational learning that is needed to motivate the learner to perform an action
Desire
Number of hours in a day
24 hours
When a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral, the NS becomes a second CS
Higher-order Conditioning
The number of responses required to receive each reinforcer will always be the same number
Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement
A new way of looking at the entire concept of mental health and therapy that focuses on the adaptive, creative, and psychologically more fulfilling aspects of human experience rather than on mental disorders.
Positive Psychology
The fact that learning can take place without actual performance
Learning/Performace Distinction
Authors of the book we use as reference to the topics in class
Ciccarelli and White