What stage am I
Chromosomes align at the center of the cell
metaphase
I am the longest part of the cell cycle
interphase
list one type of asexual reproduction
binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction, spore formation
purpose is to produce a genetic duplicate of an existing or dead whole organism with desirable qualities
nucleolus disappears and spindle fibres form
early prophase
mitosis
list one advantage of asexual reproduction
- large number of offspring are reproduced very quickly from only one parent when conditions are not favourable
- large colonies can form that can out-compete other organisms for nutrients and water
- large numbers of organisms means that species may survive when conditions or the number of predators change
- energy is not required to find a mate
what is the purpose of therapeutic cloning
purpose is to correct health problems
spindle fibres pull sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell
anaphase
This is what happens when there is an uncontrolled cell cycle
cancer
What type of asexual reproduction am i?
areas of multicellular organisms undergo repeated mitosis to form an identical organism. Buds sometimes detach to form a separate organism.
Budding
what type of cell is important to therapeutic cloning
stem cells
spindle fibres disappear, nuclear membrane forms around each set of separated chromosomes
telophase
- the cell is short of nutrients
- the DNA within the nucleus has not replicated
- the DNA is damaged
what is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction
- offspring are genetic clones. A negative mutation can make asexually produced organisms susceptible to disease and can destroy large numbers of offspring
- some methods of asexual reproduction produce offspring that are close together and compete for food and space
- unfavourable conditions such as extreme temperatures can wipe out entire colonies
- commodification of life (treating embryos and human cells like products)
- reproductive cloning concerns (should we be allowed to clone a full human)
- equity and access (since cloning is so expensive, only the richest people can access it)
spindle fibres form and attach to centromeres of chromosoes
late prophase
In late interphase, DNA copies itself in a process called replication. Replication involves these 3 steps
- The DNA molecule unwinds with the help of an enzyme
- New bases pair with the bases on the original DNA
- Two new identical DNA molecules are produced
what is an advantage of using a graft?
- grafted fruit trees produce fruit faster, as they grow an already established root system
- scions can also be grafted on smaller tree stems, allowing for easier harvesting
- also allows for several varieties of plants to grow on one tree
what are the steps in DNA cloning
•Remove nucleus from an egg cell
•A mammary gland cell is removed from an adult female
•Electricity fuses mammary and egg cell
•Fused cell (with nucleus of mammary gland cell) begins dividing
•Dividing embryo is inserted into surrogate mother