Populations
The area inhabited by a population is called its...
geographic range
What a population is growing, its rate is ___________
Positive
Define "limiting factor" and give two examples of density-independent limiting factors
lack of this factor limits growth of population despite surplus of others, ex. Natural Disasters and Climate
What is the demographic transition?
when pre-industrial nations develop into industrial
he maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support is called
Carry Capacity
refers to the number of individuals per unit area...
Population density
When the mortality rate exceeds the birth rate of a population, the population is _____________
List four density-dependent limiting factors and explain how each one intensifies as population density increases.
disease, shelter, mates, competition
Briefly summarize its stages and their general effects on birth and death rates.
stage 1 br high dr high
stage 2 br high dr mid
stage 3 br mid dr mid
stage 4 br low dr low
Possible stage 5 br even lower dr low
What type of population growth produces a J-shaped curve?
Exponential growth
What distribution type is commonly attributed to seeds?
Random Distribution
Whats the difference between immigration and emmigration?
immigration = go into population
emigration = leave a population
A population of deer experiences a sudden drought that reduces food supply. Explain whether this is density-dependent or density-independent, and justify your answer.
Independent because the incident is caused by the weather conditions
What societal factors keep a society in stage 2?
low welfare, high manual labor use, women educational opportunities withheld
Which stage of the demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates?
Stage 2
What are the three ways that populations can be distributed?
randomly, uniformly or clumped
What conditions would lead a population to grow exponentially?
Given a species introduced to a new island with no predators and abundant resources, predict short-term and long-term population dynamics
Exponential growth and then they will eat all the resources and then everyone dies
Explain how improvements in medicine and agriculture contributed to the exponential rise in human population since the Industrial Revolution.
carry cap increased allowing a transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural, industrial rev also increased population cap
What shape would you expect the age-structure diagram of a country with stable growth to have?
rectangular
Given an age-structure diagram with a broad base and narrow top, interpret what this suggests about birthrate, death rate, and future population growth for that country.
high birth, high death, high potential for growth
Sketch the differences between J-shaped and S-shaped growth curves, and explain how carrying capacity and density-dependent factors produce the S-shape.
Mr. Sun will decide who gets the points :)))
Describe how predation and competition can interact to limit population size; include an example of a trophic cascade that might result from removing a top predator.
predation and competition controls and modifies the amount of prey eaten (predation) but competition controls the amount of predators doesn't over hunt the prey population
This is seen in the wolves controlling the deer population and thereby protecting the yellow stone forests
What stage is an age-structure pyramid that shows a narrow base and large middle-aged individuals. What does this imply about population growth and potential economic impacts?
population is decreasing possibly due to societal factors or government influence
high-cost of living, women are self-sufficient
Using the concept of carrying capacity, evaluate whether a high-income country with Stage 4 demographic characteristics might still face ecological carrying-capacity limits. Provide at least three specific environmental pressures that could constrain human population or well-being even when birthrates are low.
Environment itself limits the amount of individuals that can be sustained in a population
lack of space (housing)
extreme weather
pollution (mining)
Drought -> higher taxes for water and residence