Vocabulary
Describe the difference between a diploid and a haploid cell.
Diploid cells have two copies of every chromosome, and haploid cells only have one.
Define meiosis.
THe division of a diploid cell to make gametes.
Where does cholesterol come from?
How many chromosomes do humans have in a diploid cell?
46
What land animal has the most powerful bite?
Hippopotamus
What is fertilization?
When an egg and a sperm combine.
What are the five main steps of meiosis?
1. start with a diploid cell
2. duplicate chromosomes
Bonus 100 points if mention crossing over
3. Divide
4. Divide again
5. End with haploid gametes
How does cholesterol increase the risk for coronary heart disease?
High cholesterol in the blood can form plaques, which can constrict/blood vessels, making it difficult for blood to flow through, and possibly leading to heart attacks.
How many X chromosomes does a female cell have? A male?
2
1
What object does a male penguin present to his potential mate to win her favor?
a pebble
Describe what polygenic means.
When a traitor disease is controlled/caused by more than one gene.
What is crossing over?
When homologous chromosomes overlap and exchange segments of DNA during early meiosis.
How does the LDLR gene affect cholesterol levels?
The LDLR gene is responsible for forming the protein receptor on the outside of the cell that brings cholesterol particles in for the bloodstream. If mutated, the protein structure and/or function can be disrupted, increasing the LDL level of the blood because cholesterol cannot be removed from it as well.
Why are gametes haploid?
due to the division of the initial cells, the chromosome number must be halved
OR
two gametes coming together ensures that the offspring cell has the correct number of chromosomes (23+23=46)
What type of bird has an eye bigger than their brain?
Ostrich
What is independent assortment?
How does crossing over contribute to genetic variation?
Crossing over results in unique gametes that do not look exactly like either of the chromosomes the cell started with.
How does the APOB gene affect cholesterol?
APOB is a protein on the receptor that helps bind cholesterol to the LDL receptor. If APOB is mutated and doesn't work properly, the LDL particles cannot bind to the receptor properly, and the cholesterol remains in the blood.
How does fertilization contribute to genetic variation?
When an offspring is formed by DNA from two different sources, they are more genetically unique than when they are coming from only one. The gametes coming together will form a unique cell that has chromosomes from both parents, therefore MUST have different combinations of genes from each parent.
Where do otters store their favorite pebbles?
A loose flap of skin under their arms that form a pocket.
What are homologous chromosomes?
In a diploid cell, two of the same chromosomes, wherein one came from my mom and one came from dad.
What are the inputs and outputs of meiosis?
Input: Diploid cell
Output: Haploid gametes
How does the PCSK9 gene impact cholesterol levels?
How does the location of two genes in the same chromosome relate to the likelihood that they will be inherited together?
The closer two genes are, the more likely they are to cross over together, and therefore be inherited together.
What animal has stripes on its skin?
Tiger