This occurs when we make a connection, or an association, between two events.
What is associative learning?
100
This happens when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response.
What is classical conditioning?
100
This better explains voluntary behaviors.
What is operant conditioning?
100
Observational learning is also called this
What is imitation or modeling?
100
This is unreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in behavior.
What is latent learning?
200
This type of learning takes place when a person observes and imitates another person's behavior.
What is observational learning?
200
This stimulus produces a response without prior learning.
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
200
This is an American psychologist who developed the concept of operant conditioning
Who is B. F. Skinner?
200
This is the psychologist who is best known for the theory of observational learning.
Who is Albert Bandura?
200
The tendency of animals to revert to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning.
What is instinctive drift?
300
A theory of learning that focuses on observable behaviors
What is behaviorism?
300
This means that the conditioned stimulus must serve as a reliable indicator that the unconditioned stimulus is on its way.
What is contingency?
300
This law states that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are strengthened and that behaviors followed by frustrating outcomes are weakened.
What is the law of effect?
300
Seeing a model attain a reward for activity increases the chances that an observer will repeat the behavior. This process is called ________________.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
300
One's biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others
What is preparedness?
400
This is learning.
What is a systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience?
400
This is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.
What is extinction?
400
This refers to rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior.
What is shaping?
400
Seeing a model punished for activity makes the observer less likely to repeat the behavior. This process is called _______________.
What is vicarious punishment?
400
Carol Dweck uses this term to describe the way our beliefs about ability to dictate what goals we set for ourselves, what we think we can learn, and what we do learn
What is mindset?
500
These people view internal states like thinking, wishing, and hoping as behaviors that are caused by external factors as well.
Who are behaviorists?
500
This is a classical conditioning procedure for changing the relationship between a conditioned stimulus and its conditioned response.
What is counter-conditioning?
500
This type of reinforcer does not require any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.
What is a primary reinforcer?
500
These are the four main processes that are involved in observational learning
What are attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement?
500
Purposiveness of behavior means this
What is the idea that much of behavior is goal-directed?