Vocabulary
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
What 4 things are in soil?
Rocks, Air, Water, Humus
How do Igneous rocks form?
Melted rock cools and hardens
What do Sedimentary rocks form from?
Sediments - little pieces of rocks, shells, and other materials
1. Color - Minerals can be identified by color. Can some minerals be different colors?
Yes! Quartz can be pink, purple, yellow, brown, white, or black
What is a "natural, solid, nonliving material made up of one or more minerals"?
rocks
What is in humus?
dead and rotten animals and plants (bones, shells, leaves, twigs)
Where can Igneous rocks come from?
Volcanoes
Where do Sedimentary rocks form?
2. Powder color - How could you find out what the color of a minerals powder is?
T/F: A minerals streak/powder is always the same color
Scratch it on a hard surface.
True
What is the layer of loose material that covers earth called?
Soil
Why is topsoil the darkest layer of soil?
How do metamorphic rocks form?
By heat and pressure
Sedimentary rocks form in layers. What would be the oldest layer - the top or the bottom?
The bottom layer
3. Luster - What is luster and some examples?
How a mineral reflects light - shiny, dull, greasy, glassy, pearly, silky, metallic
This natural, nonliving material makes up rocks
minerals
What kind of soil is the best for growing plants and why?
Silty soil - it holds onto water but not too much water
True/False: Igenous rocks can form above ground and below ground
True!
What type of soil has large rock particles?
Sandy Soil
4. Hardness - How can you test a minerals hardness?
What is the hardest mineral?
Scratch it with your fingernail or something harder
Diamond
What word means "soil with a mixture of sand, silt, and clay?
Loam
What happens to plants who try to grow in clay soil or sandy soil?
Clay soil - they drown from too much water
Sandy soil - they don't get enough water
Give an example of a rock that changes into a metamorphic rock (hint pg 163)
Shale changes into Slate
Granite changes into Gneiss
What type of Soil has tiny rock particles that stick together?
Clay soil
5. Cleavage - How a mineral breaks apart.
Do minerals all break apart the same way?
No! They can break apart many different ways. Diamonds break in 4 directions, Mica breaks in 1 direction.