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Anatomy of Bones
Classification of Bones
Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
Microscopic Anatomy of a Long Bone
Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling
100
In regards to location, differentiate among a diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis.
What is a diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone while the epiphyses are located at each end of the diaphysis, and the epiphyses are each separated from the diaphysis by a metaphysis?
100
What types of fracture is commonly seen in the elderly or those individuals affected by osteoporosis?
What are comminuted fractures?
100
What occurs in the epiphyseal plate?
What is (longitudinal) bone growth?
100
Mature bone cells are called?
What are osteocytes?
100
When humans reach maturity, what are of bone closes?
What is the growth plate or epiphyseal line?
200
Provide two (2) differences between compact bone and spongy bone.
What is compact bone is composed of small bulls-eye-like structures called osteons, is very dense, and homogeneous in appearance while spongy bone appears to have open pores, has struts and plates referred to as trabeculae, and is not made of osteons?
200
_______ bone is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous while _______ bone is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.
What is compact and spongy, respectively?
200
Where is yellow marrow stored and what is it composed of?
What is in the medullary cavity and adipose tissue?
200
The functional unit of compact bone.
What is an osteon?
200
Differentiate between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
What is osteoblasts build bone matrix and osteoclasts break down bone to release calcium?
300
What is the difference between a displaced fracture and a non-displaced fracture?
What is displaced fractures involve a breakage in a bone where pieces of that bone do not retain their normal alignment while non-displaced fractures are those where the bone pieces retain their normal alignment?
300
Provide an example of a transverse fracture, greenstick fracture, and spiral fracture. Please discuss what is occurring to the bone in each case.
What is transverse fractures involve a bone breaking along its long axis, greenstick fractures are not complete breaks (bone only partially breaks), and spiral fractures result from when bone ends are twisted in opposite directions?
300
What type of tissue composes the periosteum?
What is fibrous connective tissue?
300
What is contained within Haversion canals?
What are arteries, veins, and nerves?
300
Near the center of long bones, spongey or trebecular bones causes appositional growth (growth in diameter) with what bone cell?
What is an osteoblast?
400
Storage is another function of bones. Name two materials stored within bones.
What are fat, calcium, and phosphorus?
400
The needle-like projections of spongy bone are called ____
What are trebeculae?
400
Where is red marrow primarily found in an adult long bone? What is its function?
What is in the epiphyses, blood cell formation?
400
Where is bone marrow found in long bones? Where is it found in flat bones
In the meduallary cavity and in betweem the trebecuale
400
Describe the process of bone healing after a fractured bone is realigned.
first blood vessels rupture when the bone breaks forming a hematoma, a blood clot will result, damaged or unhealthy bone cells will die and be removed by phagocytes, granulation tissue will form and is full of new capillaries, after the blood clot is removed a fibrocartilage callus forms to splint the bone pieces together, the fibrocartilage callus will be replaced by a bony callus made of spongy bone, eventually the bony callus will be remodeled to complete the healing process
500
What is hematopoiesis and where does it occur?
What is blood cell formation, within the red marrow cavities of certain bones?
500
Describe the structure of compact and spongy bone in flat bones
A layer of spongy bone inside two outer layers of compact bone
500
The shaft of the long bone is the ________, and the two ends are called the _________
What is the diaphysis and epiphyses?
500
Name the two components of organic bone matrix and their functions.
What are calcium (makes bone hard) and collagen fibers (flexibility without breaking)?
500
Bone remodels itself in response to changes in what two factors?
What are calcium levels in the blood and the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton?