Moving slabs of the Earth's crust in the lithosphere.
What are the tectonic plates?
100
A weak spot in the Earth's crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface.
What is a volcano?
100
It forms when magma hardens in a volcano's pipe, then the softer rock wears away, exposing the harder rock.
What is a volcanic neck?
100
The four processes that changes rocks.
What are crystallization, metamorphism, erosion, and sedimentation?
100
A major belt of volcanoes formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean.
What is the "Ring of Fire"?
200
A place where plates meet and cause mountains and other geological formations.
What is a fault line?
200
An opening in the top of a volcano.
What is a crater(dealing with volcanoes)?
200
Forms when magma forces itself across rock layers, then hardens.
What is a dike?
200
A chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase.
What is crystallization?
200
A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.
What is magma?
300
The material inside of all volcanoes. Is also what the Earth's plates float on.
What is molten rock?
300
A wide, gently sloping mountain. Formed by lava.
What is a shield volcano?
300
Forms when magma squeezes itself through horizontal layers of rock, then hardens.
What is a sill?
300
The change of minerals or geologic texture in pre-existing rocks without the protolith melting into liquid magma. Sometimes occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids.
What is metamorphism?
300
Magma that has reached the surface.
What is lava?
400
Two types of plate boundaries (that were talked about in Chapter 5).
What are converging and diverging?
400
A tall-cone shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash.
What is composite volcano?
400
A steep, cone-shaped hill, created by ash and cinder.
What is a cinder cone?
400
The process that removes soil, rock, and/or dissolved materials from one place on the Earth's crust, then moves it to another.
What is erosion?
400
The result of volcanoes on a converging boundary. Echoes the curve of its deep-ocean trench.
What is an island arc?
500
Volcanic islands. (what causes these to form)
What are volcanoes in the ocean?
500
A hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain.
What is a caldera?
500
Forms when layers of lava pile up on each other over millions of years, forming a flat area of land.
What is a lava plateau?
500
The tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained, and come to rest against a barrier.
What is sedimentation?
500
An area in the Earth's crust, underwater, where material from deep within the mantle rises and melts, forming magma. Volcanoes form over this when the magma reaches the surface.