Consciousness / Dream Theories
One's mental perspective and personal understanding of the world
What is consciousness?
This stage of sleep is characterized by vivid dreams and quick eye movements
What is REM sleep?
The cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis; the sleep-wake cycle/biological clock
What is the circadian rhythm?
The most common type of sleep disorders; characterized by a difficulty going to sleep, staying asleep, or early waking
What is insomnia?
Being conscious while asleep, occurs when you know a dream is a dream.
What is lucid dreaming?
This dream theory maintains that the Ego is less vigilant when we are asleep and that dreams transform our Id instincts into symbols that represent wish fulfillments
What is Freud's Dream Protection theory?
This stage of sleep looks like awake brain waves and cycles 5-6 times per night
What is REM sleep?
____, a hormone involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm, is secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness
What is melatonin?
This sleep disorder is defined by sudden waking episodes characterized by screaming, perspiring, and confusion followed by a return to deep sleep
What are night terrors?
This ancient civilization built dream temples to await prophecies sent by gods in dreams
What are the Greek civilizations?
This dream theory maintains that dreams have no deeper meaning; that they are about what concerns us in our waking hours; and that its purpose is to process information, solve problems, and think creatively.
What is the cognitive theory of dreams?
This stage of sleep is comprised of 60% of total sleep; where brain activity starts to slow down and body temperature starts to decrease
What is stage 2 sleep?
Surges of the neurotransmitter _____ have been associated with the activation of REM dreams
What is acetylcholine?
This sleep disorder involves repeated stop-start breathing, caused by a blockage of the airway -- some may wake briefly hundreds of times per night.
What is sleep apnea?
A rise in these 2 neurotransmitters help us wake up from sleep
What is serotonin and norepinephrine?
This theory maintains that dreams reflect the brain's attempt to make sense of random, internally generated neural signals during REM.
What is the Activation-Synthesis Theory?
This stage of sleep is characterized by Delta waves, which is crucial to feel rested and rejuvenated
What is stage 3 of sleep?
This part of the hypothalamus is where circadian rhythms are controlled
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
This sleep disorder is the rapid and unexpected onset of sleep; people with this disorder experience a rapid plunge into REM
What is narcolepsy?
These types of drugs act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, change moods, and can lead to physical dependence
What are psychoactive drugs?
The experience of a continuour flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings
Occurs when we don't rest well for several nights
What is REM rebound?
Decreased brain activity in the thalamus and prefrontal cortex, slowed reaction time, and increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic problems are some of the negative consequences of this "sleep debt"
What is sleep deprivation?
Alongside the disruption of REM sleep, people with this sleep disorder can also experience visual hallucinations, vibrations, and feeling like there is a menacing presence in the room.
What is sleep paralysis?
What is cataplexy?