Body Systems
Name 3 body systems and describe the function of each.
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Excretory system
Digestive System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Immune System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Integumentary System
What happens to the length of a muscle when it contracts?
Appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton
Give one example of a hinge joint.
knee, elbow, in between finger and two phalanges
Give one example of a vestigial organ.
appendix, tonsils, coccyx (tailbone)
Where would you find epithelial tissue?
upper layer of the skin, lining of blood vessels, lining of digestive system
finger flexors and finger extensors
quadriceps and hamstrings
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
spongy bone and compact bone
What connects bones to bones?
ligaments
What connects muscles to bones?
tendons
Name one type of membrane. Where is it found?
Serous membranes - inside of body cavities
Mucous membranes - line passages to the outside
Synovial membranes - inside joints
Cutaneous membranes - skin
What muscle flexes the abdomen (helps you do sit-ups)?
rectus abdominis
cranium, ribs, and sternum
What is the rubbery tissue that covers the end of bones at the joints?
articular cartilage
Why do joints pop?
The joint cavity is stretched, which increases the volume and decreases the pressure. Gases come out of the synovial fluid and form bubbles, making a popping sound.
What are the four levels of body organization?
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
What term is used to describe a muscle that is not used and begins to shrink?
atrophy
Name the 6 bones of the arm and hand
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, finger phalanges
gliding
sprain - ligaments are stretched
dislocation - bones come out of joint
torn ligament - ligaments are cut
osteoarthritis - articular cartilage is rubbed away
rheumatoid arthritis - joint tissues become inflamed
Define homeostasis and give an example of a homeostatic mechanism.
Homeostasis means maintaining stable internal conditions. One example is when your body temperature is too low, your muscles will contract (shiver) to produce heat.
The muscle group that connects your calcaneus (heel) to the back of your femur is the ________________.
calf muscles
_____________ are bone cells that build new bone tissue, and ______________ are bone cells that break down old bone tissue.
What kind of fluid is found inside a joint?
synovial fluid
What are fontanels and where are they located?
Fontanels are membranes that cover the soft spots on a newborn's head. They allow the baby's head to fit through the birth canal, and disappear as the baby's cranium develops.