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Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
Structure of Atoms
Bonding
Carbohydrates and Lipids
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
100
Element or Compound? NH3
compound; ammonia
100
What two types of particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
protons and neutrons
100
A covalent bond involves the sharing of ______________ between atoms. a. protons b. electrons c. neutrons d. nuclei
b. electrons
100
The main function of carbohydrates and lipids is to provide and store ____________.
energy
100
Proteins are made of small carbon compounds called ____________. a. lipids b. nucleic acids c. ions d. amino acids
d. amino acids
200
Element or Compound? Mg
element, Magnesium
200
What type of electrical charge does a neutron have?
no charge
200
True or false: An atom with a partially filled outer energy level is more stable than an atom with a completely filled outer energy level.
False; energy levels that are either completely empty or completely full are more stable. Partially filled energy levels tend to be unstable and want to share or give up electrons to become more stable.
200
Carbohydrate or lipid? Glucose
carbohydrate
200
Give one of the two types of nucleic acids found in living organisms.
DNA or RNA
300
How many total atoms are present in a molecule of water? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
c. 3; 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of oxygen
300
What type of electrical charge does a proton have?
positive
300
Chlorine has seven electrons in its outer energy level and only needs one electron to fill it. If it accept an electron from another atom, what type of charge will it now have? a. positive b. negative c. neutral d. radioactive
b. negative; By accepting the electron the chlorine atom will now have more electrons than protons. Since electrons carry a negative charge, the chlorine atom will now become a negatively charged ion.
300
Carbohydrate or lipid? cellulose
carbohydrate
300
Which of the following body parts are made up of proteins? a. muscles b. skin d. hair
All of them! Proteins made up about 15% of your total body mass!
400
True or False: An element is made up of more than 1 type of atom.
False; elements are pure substances that are made up of only one type of atom. Gold is made up of only gold atoms, oxygen is made up of only oxygen atoms.
400
Where are electrons located in an atom?
In energy levels orbiting around the nucleus.
400
An atom that has lost or gained electrons become an __________ and carries an electric charge. a. element b. isotope c. ion d. molecule
c. ion
400
Carbohydrate or lipid? triglyceride
lipid
400
Nucleic acids are made up of smaller repeating subunits called _____________. a. nucleotides b. amino acids c. disaccharides
a. nucleotides
500
Isotopes of an element have different a number of _______________ in its nucleus. a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. klingons
b. neutrons
500
What type of electrical charge do electrons have?
negative.
500
This picture shows an example of which type of bonding: covalent or ionic
ionic
500
What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have only single bonds between carbon atoms so no more hydrogens can bond to the tail; they are completely saturated/full. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond and can accommodate at least one more hydrogen. They are NOT completely full, so they are unsaturated.
500
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is made up of 2 nucleotide chains while RNA is only a single chain.