The Catholic doctrine which states that the elements of bread and wine are mystically transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ at the moment of consecration.
What is transubstantiation?
100
This former Catholic monk rejected papal authority, the authority of councils, the Epistle of St. James, and founded the first Protestant denomination.
Who is Martin Luther?
100
This former student of Catholic theology set himself up as the head of a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland.
Who is John Calvin?
100
This first Protestant queen of England ruled for forty-five years, was excommunicated by Pope Pius V, and initiated a severe persecution of Catholics.
Who is Elizabeth I?
100
This chancellor of England, executed by Henry VIII, was a leading Christian humanist of his time. His final words were, "I die the king's good servant, but God's first."
Who is St. Thomas More?
200
A form of government in which a country is ruled by religious leaders.
What is a theocracy?
200
Remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sin whose guilt has already been forgiven through the Sacrament of Reconciliation.
What is an indulgence?
200
The third major Protestant reformer and the founder of the reformation in Switzerland.
Who is Ulrich Zwingli?
200
Elizabeth I placed this Scottish queen under house arrest for nineteen years before having her executed on false charges of plotting to assassinate a reigning monarch.
Who is Mary (Stuart), Queen of Scots?
200
This bishop of Rochester was the only bishop in England who refused to sign the allegiance to royal supremacy and was beheaded.
Who is St. John Fisher?
300
The habit of imagining sin where none exists or grave sin when the matter is not serious.
What is scrupulosity?
300
Luther posted these on the Church of All Saints in Wittenberg.
What are the Ninety-five Theses?
300
We remember these Calvinists who settled New England at Thanksgiving.
Who are the Puritans?
300
Henry VIII sought an annulment from this woman, his queen and first wife, in order to marry one of her attendants.
Who is Catherine of Aragon?
300
This successor to St. Thomas More presided over the dissolution of the monasteries in England, which closed 318 houses and displaced nearly 1,500 religious.
Who is Thomas Cromwell?
400
The Protestant belief that a person is saved by faith in Christ alone, that good works are not salvific.
What is sola Fide?
400
First permanent legal basis for the existence of Lutheranism in Germany, it decided that the religion of the prince would be the religion of the realm.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
400
These four books of Calvin's theology are based on Roman law and the Codex Justinianus.
What are the Institutes of the Christian Religion?
400
This eldest daughter of Catherine of Aragon ruled as queen of England for five years. As an ardent Catholic, she repealed all of the Protestant changes implemented under her predecessor.
Who is Mary Tudor?
400
This Archbishop of Canterbury was a Lutheran. He published the first Book of Common Prayer and a Lutheran Catechism during the reign of Edward VI.
Who is Thomas Cranmer?
500
The Protestant belief that Scripture alone is the sole authority in matters of faith and doctrine.
What is sola Scriptura?
500
A social revolution in which peasants attempted to overthrow the feudal system of rule by nobility, it led to the slaying of over 100,000 men, women, and children.
What is the Peasant Rebellion?
500
Calvin was implicated in this event, which took place in Paris and consisted of leafleting degrading literature about the Catholic Church city-wide.
What is the Affair of the Placards?
500
This English act of Parliament recognized Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church in England.
What is the Act of Supremacy?
500
This man was the papal legate in charge of Henry VIII's annulment from Catherine of Aragon.