Energy Basics
Heat and Temperature
Thermodynamics
State Functions
Work and Energy
100

What is energy?

The ability to do work

100

What is heat?

The transfer of thermal energy

100

What does thermodynamics study?

The scientific study of the interconversion of heat and other kinds of energy

100

What is a state function?

A property that depends only on the state, not how it was researched

100

What does a negative value for work imply about the process?

Work done by the system on the surrounding

200

What are the two main forms of energy?

Kinetic and potential energy

200

What is temperature a measure of?

Thermal energy

200

What is a system in thermodynamics?

The part of the universe being studied

200

Name a common state function:

Temperature, pressure, volume, internal energy

200

What does a positive value for heat imply about the process?

Heat absorbed by the system from the surroundings (endothermic)

300

Which type of energy is related to motion?

Kinetic energy

300

What is an endothermic process?

Any process in which heat has to be supplied to the system from the surrounding.

300

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

300

Is heat a state function?

No

300

What does a negative value for heat imply about the process?

 heat absorbed by the surroundings from the system (exothermic)

400

Why is chemical energy considered potential energy?

Because it is stored in chemical bonds and released during reactions

400

What unit is used to measure heat?

Joules (J)

400

What is an open system?

Exchanges matter and energy with surroundings

400

Why is energy a state function?

Because it depends only on the current condition of the system

400

What is the formula for work in gas systems?

W = -P∆V

500

What are two ways energy can be transferred?

As heat and work

500

How are heat and temperature different?

Heat is total energy; temperature is average energy

500

What is a closed system?

Exchanges energy but not matter

500

What type of function is work?

Path-dependent function

500

How does the direction of heat and work affect the internal energy change of a system?

If heat is absorbed or work is done on the system, internal energy increases; the reverse causes a decrease.