a type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning?
100
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcement?
100
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
What is conditioned response?
100
a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning?
100
in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action
What is chaining?
200
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization?
200
the reappearance of extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
What is spontaneous recovery?
200
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization?
200
a fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involved exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
What is flooding?
200
unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
What is negative reinforcers?
300
a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally cuases an unconditioned response
What is classical conditioning?
300
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning?
300
learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is operant conditioning?
300
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion?
300
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
What is continuous reinforcement?
400
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement?
400
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning?
400
a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcement?
400
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follws a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction?
400
In classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar; unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
What is discrimination?
500
learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time
What is massed learning?
500
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping?
500
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning?
500
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning?
500
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response