All about Amino Acids
The number of essential amino acids.
What is 9?
Produced by coiling and bonding molecules making fibrous and globular shape protein.
What is a tertiary structure?
A key enzyme that is converted into its active form by HCl and begins protein hydrolysis.
What is Pepsin?
A process where the amino transferase enzyme transfers the amino group to an alpha keto acid.
What is transamination?
The 5 chemical elements in protein.
What is C, O, H, N and S?
The 4th part of an amino acid that is considered unique.
What is the R group or side chain?
Described as a spiral alpha helix or beta pleated sheets.
What is a secondary protein structure?
The activation of this enzyme is essential because it converts other pancreatic enzymes to their active forms.
What is trypsin?
A process where amino acids are catalyzed by deaminases and remove amine groups to form ammonia.
What is deamination?
Defined as the protein that has all nine essential amino acids in proportion to human protein and will support growth and maintenance. Normally from animal origin.
What is High Quality or Complete Protein?
Defined as present in food but in insufficient amounts in food for growth and maintenance.
What is limiting essential AA?
Is a polypeptide chain.
What is a primary protein structure?
A pancreatic enzyme that acts on terminal arginine or lysine residues.
What is Carboxypeptidase B?
A process that occurs through transamination, glutamate provides the nitrogen for nonessential amino acids.
What is synthesis of amino acids?
Severe undernutrition where an individual lacks energy and protein intake.
What is Marasmus?
Type of amino acids that have a ring structure. Ex. tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine and phenylalanine.
What are Aromatic amino acids?
Involves 2 or more polypeptide chains interacting.
What is a quaternary structure?
A pancreatic enzyme that contains zinc and hydrolyzes the carboxyl terminal residues that possess aromatic and aliphatic linkages.
What is Carboxypeptidase A?
A process where carbon skeletons give end products of pyruvate, acetyl CoA, intermediates of the Krebs cycle and acetoacetate.
What is degradation?
Defined as loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. Common among the elderly.
What is sarcopenia?
The linkage of more than 10 amino acids but less than 100 amino acids.
Type of protein that is not soluble in water. Ex. Keratin.
What are fibrous proteins?
Final enzyme in the small intestine that takes peptides and yields individual amino acid fragments.
What is Aminopeptidase?
A pathway that has 5 reactions and involves ammonia, CO2 and the alpha-amino nitrogen of aspartate.
What is the Urea cycle?
Can cause increased renal stress, bone demineralization, increased risk of colon cancer and obesity. Often seen in the American population.
What is excess dietary protein?