Basic Concepts
The right to voice opinions without fear of censorship or retribution, fostering open dialogue and diverse perspectives in society.
What is Freedom of Expression?
This term refers to a set of beliefs about government, politics, and the role of citizens.
What is political ideology?
This process describes how individuals develop political beliefs through family, school, peers, and media.
What is political socialization?
This is when political leaders use party loyalty as a shortcut that shapes how voters make decisions.
What is party affiliation?
This refers to methods like random digit dialing and stratified sampling used to ensure poll results represent the population.
What are sampling techniques?
The ability to practice one's faith without government interference, promoting pluralism and tolerance.
What is Religious Freedom?
This ideology supports limited government, free markets, and traditional values.
What is Conservatism?
This influence is often the primary source of early political attitudes and party identification.
What is family influence?
This occurs when a politician’s public image or personality affects how citizens feel about them or their policies.
What is candidate image?
This involves carefully wording and structuring survey questions to reduce bias and improve accuracy.
What is question design?
The power to make individual choices about one's life, free from undue external control or coercion.
What is Personal Autonomy?
This ideology favors active government, regulated markets, and progressive values.
What is Liberalism?
This includes race, gender, and economic class, which shape political views through shared experiences.
What are social groups?
This happens when trusted figures or organizations influence how people view candidates or political issues.
What are endorsements?
This uses statistical methods to interpret poll results and determine accuracy, including margins of error.
What is data analysis?
Legal protections that safeguard individual rights and freedoms, ensuring equal treatment under the law for all citizens.
What are Civil Liberties?
This ideology promotes expansive government, collective ownership, and egalitarian values.
What is Socialism?
These are personal judgments and viewpoints on major political issues such as climate change, immigration, healthcare, and education. They shape political discourse, vary across different social groups, and influence how individuals evaluate government policies and political debates.
What are attitudes and opinions?
This is when public concerns determine which issues receive attention from policymakers.
What is agenda setting?
This occurs when it is difficult to reach certain groups of people in a population, which can lead to poll results that do not accurately represent everyone.
What is selection bias?
Addressing harm and repairing relationships within communities through reconciliation and rehabilitation.
What is Restorative Justice?
This ideology emphasizes minimal government and individual liberty, and often argues that many services typically run by the government should instead be handled by private markets.
What is Libertarianism?
This occurs when algorithms and online environments reinforce existing beliefs by limiting exposure to opposing viewpoints and repeatedly showing similar content.
What are echo chambers?
This is when public opinion shapes how laws are created, carried out, and evaluated after implementation.
What is policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation?
This occurs when respondents answer in a way they think is socially acceptable rather than their true beliefs, which can distort poll accuracy.
What is social desirability bias?