Cells that stem from other cells, that stem from other cells, that....
An undifferentiated cell that can mature into many different types of cells
Some bacteria have these enzymes to cut (digest) foreign DNA and RNA into smaller pieces
restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases
The resulting DNA when DNA from two or more organisms are combined
recombinant DNA
Using adult cells from an adult individual to make a new individual
Reproductive cloning
Plasmids are used as _____ in making transgenic bacteria
Vectors
The process of "reprogramming" mature cells to become stem cells
De-differentiation
The sequence is the same on both strands of DNA as long as you read from the 5' end to the 3' end
Palindrome
A small circular piece of DNA often found in bacteria
Plasmid
Using adult cells to produce various mature cells
Therapeutic cloning
This enzyme is used in CRISPR to cut the foreign DNA or RNA pieces and provides an approach to add, delete, or replace genetic material
Cas9 enzyme
Why does an exact copy of someone not guarantee the same person will result?
Environmental factors are always changing
What are the two kinds of profiling that you learned about that can be used to identify a person based on his or her DNA?
DNA fingerprinting (RFLP) and STR profiling
An Organism that has genetic material from another type of organism
Transgenic
Of the 3 animals required for cloning, which one will have the same DNA as the clone?
The donor
This gene therapy uses the patients own cells that are modified,cultured, and the injected back into the original patient
Ex Vivo
A scientist harvests a mature skin cell and modifies it to become a stem cell. What kind of stem cell is it?
Induced pluripotent stem cell
What does it mean to denature DNA
To separate the two strands
Altering genes to stop or treat disease
The two types of cloning
Reproductive, therapeutic
The study of similarities and differences between genomes of various organism
Comparative Genomics
In order to use a stem cell, you must kill an individual. What kind of stem cells are they?
Embryonic
An electrophoresis gel has many bands. What affects the brightness of the bands? Near which electrode are the longer segments of DNA found?
The more DNA the brighter, the longer ones are closer the the negative electrode
The study of proteins produced in an organism
Proteomics
What two things happen to an egg cell taken from an adult version of a mammal to be cloned?
The nucleus of the egg cell is removed and the donor nucleus is inserted.
The field of study dealing with the function of genes, control, and interaction, between the various parts of the genome.
Functional Genomics