Scatterplots
A graph that displays values for two variables using dots to represent data points.
What is a scatterplot?
A relationship or correlation between two variables.
What is an association in statistics?
A statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together.
What is correlation?
By observing whether the dots trend upwards, downwards, or are scattered randomly.
How do you determine the direction of a scatterplot?
Correlation quantifies the strength and direction of a relationship, while association indicates a connection without quantifying it.
What is the difference between correlation and association?
The range is from -1 to 1.
What is the range of correlation coefficients?
It indicates a strong correlation between the two variables.
What does it mean if the points in a scatterplot form a tight cluster?
Through scatterplots, bar graphs, or line graphs that illustrate the relationship between variables.
How can you visually represent association?
It indicates a strong positive correlation between the two variables.
What does a correlation coefficient of 0.85 indicate?
Outliers can skew the results and may misrepresent the true correlation between the variables.
How outliers can affect a scatterplot?
Categorical or numerical data that can be plotted or analyzed to see relationships.
What type of data is typically used to study associations?
Positive correlation occurs when one variable increases as the other variable increases; for example, height and weight in growing children.
What is the definition of a positive correlation with an example?
Collect paired data points, plot them on a graph where one variable is on the x-axis and the other on the y-axis, and then analyze the pattern.
How do you create a scatterplot from a set of data?
Confounding variables are external factors that may influence both variables under study, potentially leading to misleading interpretations of their association.
How to explain the concept of confounding variables in relation to association.
Correlation does not imply causation; other factors may influence the relationship, and it may not hold outside the sampled range.
What are the limitations of using correlation to make predictions?