A glial cell that plays a role in neuronal growth and aids in neuronal metabolic processes?
What is an astrocyte.
200
Describe the role of Myelin in Saltatory Conduction
Insulates and separates charge between the inside and outside cell. Helps nerve impulses to travel more quickly.
200
Name two different types of receptors and one characteristic of each.
Ionotropic receptors
Metabotropic receptors
200
Describe the difference between an antagonist and an agonist.
Agonist: the ability of a drug to bind to a receptor of a NT and activate it
Antagonist: the ability of a drug to bind to a receptor of a NT and deactivate/block it
200
The PNS is divided into two divisions. What are they?
Somatic NS and Autonomic NS
300
This glial cell produces myelin in the CNS.
What is an oligodendrocyte?
300
Define the difference between absolute and relative refractory periods.
Absolute Refractory period: time immediately after an AP when another AP is NOT possible
Relative Refractory period: time when a greater stimulus is needed in order to get another AP.
300
The chemical messenger of the NS
What is a neurotransmitter?
300
What happens when you inhibit acetycholinesterase?
(Nerve Gas)
causes over activation of ACh, uncontrolled contractions, and ultimately, desensitization and paralysis
300
Sensory information comes through the _______ root of the spinal cord, and motor information comes through the ______ root of spinal cord.
Sensory - Dorsal
Motor - Ventral
400
The 3 types of neurons and their jobs.
Afferent Neuron (Carry information from PNS to CNS)
Interneurons (Link neurons together)
Efferent Neuron (Carry information from CNS to PNS)
400
Describe ion flow during an action potential, including when channels open and close.
Threshold is reached. Sodium channels open and sodium enters.
Potassium channels open and begins to leave cell
Sodium channels close
Potassium continues to leave cell
Potassium channels close
Pumps are used to reset membrane
400
What is a role of an autoreceptor
acts as a negative feedback loop for release NT
400
How do SSRIs work?
Block the reuptake of 5-HT for the treatment of depression.
400
What is the role of the Thalamus?
Main relay station.
500
Describe the role of microglia
Macrophage-like
Immune cells of the CNS
500
Describe a Graded potential and how it is different from an action potential.
Graded Potential:
Communication over short distances
amplitude/magnitude can change
no threshold is needed
no refractory periods
summation is possible
500
Describe the release of a NT.
Calcium influx
vesicles release NT into cleft
NT acts on receptors on postsynaptic neuron
500
The NT involved in Long Term Potentiation (LTP) and excitotoxicity