Social Groups
any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity
Groups
a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity
in- group
a group function that serves an emotional need
expressive function
a leader who issues orders and assigns
authoritarian leader
large, impersonal organizations
formal organizations
small, informal groups of people who are closest to us
primary groups
a group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with
out- group
being oriented toward a task or goal
instrumental function
a leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action
democratic leader
organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital
coercive organizations
larger and more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time limited
secondary group
groups to which an individual compares herself
reference groups
the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms
conformity
a hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions
laissez-faire leader
organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need
utilitarian organizations
a two member group
dyad
people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way
category
the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation
impersonality
a leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing
expressive leader
the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration
Iron Rule of Oligarchy
a three-member group
triad
a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don’t interact or share a sense of identity
aggregate
a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills
meritocracy
a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks
instrumental leader
the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions
McDonaldization of Society