type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus
What is classical conditioning
100
learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is operant conditioning
100
a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned stimulus
100
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcement
100
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning
200
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned response
200
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
What is primary reinforcers
200
a previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response
What is conditioned stimulus
200
stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer
What is secondary reinforcers
200
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning
300
type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion
300
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
What are positive reinforcers
300
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction
300
unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
What is negative reinforcer
300
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning
400
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization
400
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement
400
the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
What is spontaneous recovery
400
a type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcement
400
learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time
What is massed learning
500
when a pleasant stimulus is paired with a fearful one
What is counterconditioning
500
a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping
500
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization
500
in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action