A type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus.
What is conditioning?
100
In operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action.
What is chaining?
100
A therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response.
What is counterconditioning?
100
Learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it.
What is latent learning?
100
Learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others.
What is observational learning?
200
A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response.
What is classical conditioning?
200
Encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented.
What are positive reinforcers?
200
A fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
What is flooding?
200
Learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time.
What is distributed learning?
200
A previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
300
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
300
Stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning.
What are primary reinforcers?
300
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed.
What is spontaneous recovery?
300
Learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time.
What is massed learning?
300
A type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation.
What is taste aversion?
400
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response
What is unconditioned response?
400
Learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement.
What is operant conditioning?
400
A previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
400
Assumes that any task, no matter how complex, can be broken down into small steps.
What is programmed learning?
400
In classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus.
What is extinction?
500
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is a conditioned response?
500
In operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal.
What is shaping?
500
In classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar.
What is discrimination?
500
Presents the student with the subject matter in a series of steps.
What is a teaching machine?
500
The tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics.