a type of learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning
100
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcement?
100
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction?
100
stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer
What is secondary reinforcers?
100
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning
200
unconditioned stimulus
What is in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response
200
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal
What is shaping?
200
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization?
200
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
What is positive reinforcers?
200
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning
300
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion?
300
in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action
What is chaining?
300
(1) in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar (2) unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
What is discrimination?
300
unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed
What is negative reinforcers?
300
learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time
What is distributed learning
400
a fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
What is flooding?
400
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedule of reinforcement?
400
a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning?
400
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
What is continuous reinforcers?
400
learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time
What is mass learning
500
Classical conditioning
What is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
500
stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning
What is primary reinforcers?
500
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization?
500
in operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action