Beginning of Reform
who parked the protestant reformation by posting the Ninty-Five thesis?
Who is Martin Luther
in what century did the Council of Trent meet?
what is 16th century
name one state church formed during the protestant reformation
what was the Enlightenment also called?
what is the age of reason
what did Enlightenment philosophers argue was the only path to truth?
what is human reason, independent of faith
what church practice did Martin Luther criticize most?
what is the abuse of indulgences
what was one major doctrine clarified at Trent?
what is the role of both scripture and tradition in transmitting God’s revelation
which christian denomination grew in England under Henry VIII?
What is The Anglican church
define rationalism
what is a philosophy teaching that only human reason can bring truth and knowledge
define deism
was the protestant reformation caused more by political or religious issues?
What is Both
what role did the Boroque era play in Catholic life after Trent?
what is inspired religious art and architecture meant to teach and move the faithful
name one christian denomination today that can trace its roots back to the reformation
what is Lutherans, Calvinists, Methodists, and Baptist’s
why did enlightenment thinkers believe medieval people were “in the dark”?
what is they thought reliance on faith and tradition blocked progress
how did catholic apologists respond to Enlightenment critiques of faith?
what is they defended the harmony of faith and reason, showing religious compatibility with science and philosophy
what does the church teach about indulgences?
what is indulgences do not forgive sins but remove temporal punishment for sin already forgiven from confession
how did popes implement the decrees of the Council of Trent?
what is reformed seminaries, enforced discipline among the clergy, and standardized liturgy
what role did political leaders play in spreading protestantism?
what is many rulers adopted protestantism to gain independence from Rome and control over church lands
how did Galileo controversy force the church to clarify her stance on science?
what is the church affirmed support for science as long as it didn‘t contradict faith and revelation
what lasting impact did enlightenment debates about faith and reason have on the church?
what is forced churches to continually engage with modern philosophy, science, and rational inquiry
name one way the jesuits responded to the reformation?
what is promoted education, defended catholic doctrine, and carried out missionary work
why is the Council of Trent considered the foundation of counter reform?
what is it revitalized the church by correcting abuses, defining doctrine clearly, and strengthening unity
how do protestant beliefs about scripture and authority differ from catholic teaching?
what is protestants emphasized Sola Scripture
Catholics held that scripture and tradition are both sources of authority
how did the Enlightenment contribute to the French Revolution?
what is the Enlightenment ideas about liberty, equality, and reason challenged monarchy and church authority
how did the first vatican council later address Enlightenment challenges?
what is it reaffirmed that faith and reason work together, condemned issues like rationalism and defined papal infillability