Vygotsky
A person who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner, particularly in regards to a specific task, concept or process.
What is a more knowledgeable other?
When the teacher highlights a student’s comment or idea that is important to the meaning being built.
What is marking?
Reciprocal teaching uses this technique to improve students’ understanding and retention of main points
What is group discussion?
These include previewing and activating prior knowledge about a topic before reading. Setting purposes and goals and predicting are examples.
What are preparational strategies?
The difference between what a student can do without guidance and what he can achieve with the encouragement and guidance of a skilled partner.
What is the zone of proximal development?
This is when the teacher brings students' attention back to the text to clarify misunderstandings, or to gather more information.
What is turning back?
When students make guesses about the next section of reading. It can be based on what was read in the previous section, or if they are just starting, based on headings, illustrations, etc.
What is predicting?
These involve selecting important details and building important relationships among them. They occur during and after reading and entail identifying or constructing the main idea and its supporting details and summarizing.
What are organization strategies?
This theory says that teachers and students help each other construct meaning through group discussions of a reading.
What is Vygotsky's Social Constructivist Theory?
The teacher helps students express what they are attempting to say by restating their responses more clearly.
What is revoicing?
When the discussion leader, with or without the help of the group, retells the story and highlights important points, setting up the predictions for the next reading section.
What is summarizing?
The additional processing of a text by a reader. This process involves building connections between one's background knowledge and the text, or integrating new information through manipulating or transforming it.
What is elaboration?
Vygotsky says that understandings are deepened and comprehension is enhanced through this process.
What is discussion with others?
Occurring at the end of a reading block or the end of the discussion, the teacher highlights key points and summarizes the class' findings.
What is recapping?
This occurs when a student asks for further explanation of anything that gave them difficulty or hindered their comprehension during reading.
What is clarifying?
These involve taking basic steps to remember material. Examples include outlining, note-taking, underlining, testing oneself, and rereading.
what are rehearsal strategies?
Social constructivism differs from social learning theory in this way.
What is an emphasis on interaction over observation?
The teacher fills in missing information or context that is important for understanding key ideas.
What is annotating?
If students are unable to do this, it may be a sign that they did not comprehend what was just read and need to take corrective action.
What is question generation?
When a reader is conscious of their own mental processes and checks their understanding and comprehension during reading.
What is monitoring/metacognition?