What is a phosphate, pentose sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine)?
100
What is the bond holding together the alternating phosphate and deoxyribose backbone of DNA?
What is a phosphodiester bond?
100
What is the protein DNA coils around
What is a histone?
100
What are the different types of DNA sequencing?
What is highly repetitive sequences, gene coding DNA, and structural DNA?
100
Draw an example of DNA packaging
What is draw a pic refer to pg 195
200
What type of reaction is between the phosphate on the 5' carbon and the hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon?
What is a condensation reaction with one molecule of water released?
200
What bond holds together the nitrogenous bases?
What is a hydrogen bond?
200
How many times does DNA wrap around the 8 histones?
What is 2 times
200
What percentage of DNA is repetitive? Protein-coding? Structural?
What is between 5-45%, less then 2%, you do the math
200
what is a nucleosome
What is a section of DNA coiled around a group of histones?
300
On which side are nucleotides added?
What is the 3' end?
300
How many bonds are between A-T and C-G?
What is 2 for A-T and 3 for C-G?
300
What is the wrapping of the DNA around the histones called?
What is highly condensed or supercoiled DNA?
300
what is a gene made up of?
What is numerous fragments of protein-encoding(exons) info interspersed with non-coding(introns) fragments?
300
What to eukaryotic genes include?
What is introns/exons?
400
Which nitrogenous bases are purines and which are pyrimidines and what is the difference?
What is C + T pyrimidines single-ringed, and A + G are purines double-ringed?
400
Why are DNA molecules attracted to histones?
What is DNA is negatively charged and histones are positively charged?
400
What does the fifth type of histone do?
What is lead to further packaging of the DNA?
400
What is the research of genomes?
What is genomics?
400
How many base pairs are in a repetitive section of DNA?
What is 5-300 base pairs?
500
Describe or draw the full structure of a DNA molecule
What is Double helix, anti-parallel, sugar phosphate backbone, bases in middle, nucleotides connect with covalent phosphodiester bond bases in middle connect by hydrogen bonds.
500
Are there any ends on the DNA sequence?
What is yes? there is a 5' phosphate group free and a 3' phosphate group where neither are bonding to another nucleotide.
500
Why is the packaging of DNA so important?
What is the coiling around histones prevents transcription enzymes from being able to work so it maintains protein production so it does not over produce and allows only portions of DNA to be a part of protein synthesis.
500
Where is structural DNA usually found?
What is near the centromere and ends of chromosomes near telomeres?