This is Earth's thin outermost layer that is solid rock. It is about five times thicker under the continents than it is under the oceans.
What is crust
100
This is magma once it reaches the surface of the Earth
What is lava
100
These are formed when two plates collide and force layers or rock into folds.
What is fold mountains
100
This is the point of an earthquake underground where faulting occurs
What is the focus
100
This is the name for the ancient Roman god of fire, where the word volcano comes from.
What is Vulcan
200
This is the innermost layer of Earth. The pressure keeps this super hot metallic region in a solid state.
What is inner core
200
These are cracks in Earth's crust along which movement takes place
What is faults
200
These are formed wherever faulting occurs. The blocks move in several ways along one or more faults to create mountains
What is fault mountains
200
These types of waves can pass through solids and liquids. These pass into and out of the liquid outer core and change direction. When they return to Earth's surface they cause back-and-forth motions.
What are P waves
200
After a volcano erupts it usually collapses into a bowl-shaped mouth called this
What is the crater
300
This is the thick layer between the crust and the outer core.
What is mantle
300
This is melted rock below Earth's surface
What is magma
300
These are formed when magma rises toward the surface but doesn't break through the curst. The magma pushes up under Earth's crust.
What is dome mountains
300
These types of waves cause up and down movement. They can only travel through solids. They pass from the mantle into the liquid outer core but do not return to the surface.
What are S waves
300
This type of volcano forms when a lot of lava flows smoothly from a vent and spreads out to cover a wide area, creating a broad, low, dome-shaped volcano.
What is shield volcano
400
This is made up of the crust and the solid upper mantle.
What is lithosphere
400
These are waves of energy sent through Earths' crust when plates move suddenly
What is seismic waves
400
These underwater mountains form at diverging boundaries on the ocean floor
What is mid-ocean ridges
400
These types of waves travel along Earth's surface. They cause the most damage because they make the ground swell and roll like ocean waves.
What are L waves
400
This type of volcano forms when mostly rock fragments erupt and are deposited around the vent. This volcano has steep sides.
What is Cinder cone volcano
500
This is formed mostly of molten metal. This is Earth's only liquid layer.
What is outer core
500
This is the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of on earthquake
What is epicenter
500
This is an example of mountains formed entirely by erosion
What is the Catskills in New York
500
Three examples of damage cause by earthquakes.
What are 1) Buildings fall down 2) Roads heave up 3) Bridges collapse 4) glass breaks 5) Trees topple