Endocrine
If an ____1_____ drug is chemically similar to an ____2_____, or naturally occuring hormone, the drug can produce similar physiologic effects and exert the same negative feedback as the natural hormone.
1. exogenous (outside)
2. endogenous (inside)
The synthetic form of T3, known as ___________ is a less preferred drug therapy because it only affects the T3 levels whereas the synthetic T4 can improve BOTH T3 and T4 levels.
liothyronine
High levels of TSH stimulate the thyroid tissue. This leads to hypertrophy of the thyroid gland and is referred to as ___________
goiter
This is a form of hypothyroidism that is a result of decreased iodine ingestion.
Dogs typically present with what type of diabetes (as related to endocrine)
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
This is also known as insulin dependent diabetes
Animals with follicular cysts will always appear to be in ___________
heat
The mechanism that limits the amount of a hormone response that occurs is called __________ ________
Negative feedback
This is the mechanism by which the body is able to regulate hormone production. (think of the thermostat in a house telling the furnace when to start and stop in order to maintain proper temperatures.)
A rarely used drug therapy for hypothyroid currently is _________ _________ _______ because the actual levels of T3 & T4 varied considerably from batch to batch.
desiccated thyroid extract
This was also referred to as "raw thyroid" and was commonly made from bovine and porcine thyroid glands which would have been acquired from slaughterhouses.
Hypothyroidism is typically recognized and treated in what species? ___________
A patient is Rx'd insulin and the vial states 40 units/mL on it. What type of syringe would be correct to include with this vial of insulin?
40-U insulin syringes
Developing ovarian follicles produce which two hormones?
1. inhibin
2. estrogen
When the source of the endocrine disease resides in the organ that produces the final hormone is it referred to as ____________
Primary endocrine disease
The book uses the example of primary hyper/hypothyroid disease.
Another term for hyperthyroidism _____________
thyrotoxicosis
This drug is used to treat hypothyroidism and has a wide therapeutic index __________
levothyroxine
This is a synthetic form of T4
If a patient is having a diabetic emergency and is brought to the hospital what type of insulin can be administered IV to them?
regular crystalline insulin
Human and equine __________ __________ have LH like effects.
chorionic gonadotropin
What are the major glands of the endocrine system (the book lists 5):
thyroid, ovaries / testicles, pancreas, adrenal
Bonus: Pituitary - this is sometimes referred to as the "master" gland of the endocrine system (Johns Hopkins Medical)
If a cat presents with ___________ palpation of the ventral neck should be performed during the physical exam (PE)
tachycardia
The hypothalamus releases this hormone _____1_____ and the pituitary releases this hormone ______2______
1. TRH - thyrotropin-releasing hormone
2. TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
When teaching a client how to administer insulin to their animal what by what route should it be given?
SQ
____________ has a negative feedback effect on the release of all except estrogen.
Progestrone
What are three factors that could easily upset the balance of hormone production?
1. disease
2. drugs
3. the body's ability to produce its intended effect
Because of thyroid tumors, cats with hyperthyroidism often experience an increase of ___________ ________
Beta 1 receptors
These are found primarily on the heart.
Why would a cat with hyperthyroidism as well as blood calcium imbalances benefit from treatment with radioactive iodine in place of surgical thyroidectomy?
There is a need to spare the parathyroid glands
(sorry, I missed this talking point in class but think it's relevant for you to know:)
That is the oral diabetic medication that is not typically successfully used in veterinary medicine? ___________
glipizide
Has been successfully used in primates. Studies show that it can actually be detrimental to use in dogs and cats.
Which hormone promotes the maintenance of pregnancies?
progesterone