Process of acquiring through experience new information or behaviors
What is learning?
100
Initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response
What is acquisition?
100
Organisms associate their own behavior with consequences; actions can be followed by reinforcers or punishers
What is operant conditioning?
100
Removing a desired stimulus after particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in reducing behavior in future
What is negative punishment?
100
Biological influences, psychological influences, and socio-cultural influences
What are biopsychosocial influences on learning?
200
Type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
What is classical conditioning?
200
Diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS)
What is extinction?
200
Increases behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers
What is positive reinforcement?
200
Reinforce behavior after a set number of responses (every so many) (ex. Buy 10 coffee drinks, get the 11th free)
What is a fixed-ratio schedule?
200
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
What is latent learning?
300
Accidentally discovered classical conditioning through his work on salivation with dogs
Who is Pavlov?
300
Reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
What is spontaneous recovery?
300
Increases behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli
What is negative reinforcement?
300
Reinforce behavior after an unpredictable number of responses (after an unpredictable number) (ex. slot machine)
What is a variable ratio schedule?
300
a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment
What is a cognitive map?
400
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
400
Tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
What is generalization?
400
administers an undesirable consequence or withdraws something desirable in an attempt to decrease the frequency of a behavior (a child’s disobedience)
What is punishment?
400
Reinforce first response after a fixed time period (every so often) (ex. Checking for snail mail, cramming for a test)
What is a fixed interval schedule?
400
Believed that higher animals learn by watching and imitating others (observational learning)
Who is Bandura?
500
a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
What is a neutral stimulus?
500
Was conditioned to associate white rats (CS) with a loud noise (US) and fear them (CR).
Who was Little Albert?
500
Presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future
What is positive punishment?
500
Reinforce the first response after varying time intervals (unpredictably often) (ex. checking email)
What is variable-interval schedule?
500
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior