Memory
¨Hypnotically refreshed¨ memories may prove inaccurate-especially if the hypnotist asks leading questions-because of
memory construction
The three steps in memory information processing are
encoding, storage, and retrieval
a rapid initial decline in retention, becoming stable thereafter
Repression is an example of
motivated forgetting
One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as
chunking
Which area of the brain is most important in the processing of implicit memories?
cerebellum
Visual sensory memory is referred to as
iconic memory
Which of the following measures of retention is the least sensitive in triggering retrieval?
recall
Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that
people´s recall may easily be affected by misleading information
Kandel and Schwartz found that when learning occurs, more of the neurotransmitter ______ is released into synapses
serotonin
Researchers found that memory was better in people who were
asleep during the retention interval, presumably because interference was reduced
Echoic memories fade after approximately
3 to 4 seconds
According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those
in the middle of the list
The process of getting information out of memory storage is called
retrieval
implicit memory
Information is maintained in short-term memory only briefly unless it is
rehersed
Memory techniques that involve vivid imaginary are called
mnemonic devices
Experimenters gave people a list of words to be recalled. When the participants were tested after a delay, the items that were best recalled were those
at the beginning of the list
The misinformation effect provides evidence that memory
may be reconstructed during recall according to how questions are framed
Memory for skills is called
implicit memory
Memory researchers are suspicious of long-repressed memories of traumatic events that are ¨recovered¨ with the aid of hypnosis because
such experiences usually are vividly remembered
Research on memory construction reveals that memories
reflect a person´s biases and assumptions
Long term potentiation refers to
the increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning
Our short-term memory span is approximately ______ items
7