Nature’s Energy Conversions
What is the green-coloured chemical in plant chloroplasts that helps convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
What term refers to the body's process of maintaining a steady internal environment regardless of external conditions?
Homeostasis.
What starch-like substance is extra glucose converted into and stored in the liver and muscles?
Glycogen.
What structure connects a developing fetus to its mother to transfer essential nutrients before birth?
The umbilical cord.
What proportion of your plate should be filled with vegetables and fruit according to Canada’s Food Guide?
Half (1/2) of your plate.
What are the two main reactants required for plants to perform photosynthesis, along with light energy?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What target internal temperature in degrees Celsius do human bodies try to maintain?
Approximately 37°C.
What percentage of daily calories do health experts recommend humans obtain from carbohydrates?
55% to 65%.
Why do young people require unusually large amounts of energy during puberty?
Because they are rapidly increasing in height and mass and maturing sexually and physically.
What type of fish, high in heart-healthy omega-3 fats, are recommended as healthy meat alternatives?
Fish such as char, herring, mackerel, salmon, sardines, or trout.
What specialized cell organelles are known as the "power plants" of the cell because cellular respiration takes place inside them?
Mitochondria.
How do blood vessels near the skin's surface respond when the human body becomes too warm?
They dilate / move closer to the skin's surface to transfer heat out quickly.
Which type of fats, typically found in vegetable oils like canola and olive oil, are associated with reducing the risk of heart disease?
Unsaturated fats.
At what time of day does human metabolism typically reach its peak?
Around 10:00 AM.
Why is eating whole fruits and vegetables considered more nutritious than drinking fruit juice?
Whole fruits and vegetables offer more nutrients and fiber without the concentrated sugars of juice.
What are the primary products created by cells during the process of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
What cooling process occurs on the skin when moisture is released and then evaporates into the air?
Perspiration (sweating) and evaporation.
How much energy does fat deliver per kilogram compared to carbohydrates?
Almost twice as much energy.
What effect does physical exercise have on a person's body metabolism?
Physical exercise raises / increases metabolism.
What calorie-free beverage is recommended as the primary choice for staying hydrated?
Water.
What percentage of energy from one level in an ecological pyramid is typically transferred to the next level?
About 10 percent (10%).
What term describes the overall rate at which the human body uses energy?
Metabolism.
Why does the human body use protein as an energy source only after carbohydrate and fat stores are low?
Protein is harder for the body to break down to release energy, and it is needed for growth and body tissue repair.
What are two main ways a person can avoid gaining weight when their metabolism naturally slows down with age?
Stay active (increase exercise) and reduce food intake.
What proportion of a person's daily diet is recommended to consist of proteins?
About 10%.