Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Partial Reinforcement Schedules
100
What is learning according to the book?
Relatively enduring changes in knowledge and/or behavior resulting from specific experiences.
100
What is the formation of associations between events and stimuli?
BONUS: What are the two subtypes of learning in this type of learning?
Associate Learning
BONUS: Classical and Operant Conditioning
100
For not doing well in basketball, Frank's dad slaps him and then does a 360-slam dunk on top of him, knocking him over.
What type of Operant Conditioning is this?
Positive Punishment
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100
Every two weeks, I get a Mini Test in General Psychology.
What type of Partial Reinforcment is this?
Fixed Interval
200
What is the formation of associations between events and stimuli?
BONUS: What are the two subtypes of learning in this type of learning?
Associate Learning
BONUS: Classical and Operant Conditioning
200
A stimulus that has no natural relationship to an innate response. If shown before conditioning, elicits no response.
Neutral Stimulus
200
Alix gets her allowance after she completes her weekly chores.
What type of Operant Conditioning is this?
Positive Reinforcement
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200
After hitting a lever 5 times, the rat gets a pellet.
What type of Partial Reinforcment is this?
Fixed Ratio
300
Give an example of a primary reinforcer and a secondary reinforcer.
Primary: Essential for survival or reproduction (food, water, sex, air, shelter)
Secondary: Reinforcer that has been associated through conditioning with one or more primary reinforces (Money, status, reputation, degrees)
300
When a learned behavior ceases to be performed.
Extinction
- Repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus leads to this
300
Julie stays out past her curfew and now does not get to use the car for a week.
What type of Operant Conditioning is this?
Negative Punishment
300
A salesman goes from house to house, knocking on each door to try to get someone who will open the door and become a customer.
What type of Partial Reinforcment is this?
Variable Ratio
BONUS: What's another example?
400
Learning through imitation of the behaviors of individuals whom one admires.
Modeling (Observational Learning)
400
A neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented (paired) prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus
400
To get rid of the annoying sound of an alarm clock, Bubba hits the stop button to turn it off.
What type of Operant Conditioning is this?
Negative Reinforcement
400
A professor giving a pop quiz sometimes every week, sometimes every 3 weeks, and sometimes every 2 months.
What type of Partial Reinforcment is this?
Variable Interval
Fixed = Specific
Variable = Random/Unpredictable
Interval = Time
Ratio = Behavior
500
Edward Thorndike's discovery that behaviors that lead to a satisfying state of affairs are "stamped in" while behaviors that lead to a unsatisfying or annoying state affairs are "stamped out."
Law of Effect
BONUS: Who did this inspire and what theory did they create?
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500
Whenever you go to the eye doctor, you get a little puff of air in your eye, and it causes you to blink. Right before this puff of air, you hear a beeping noise. Now, every time you hear that beeping noise, you blink your eye.
In classical conditioning, identify the NS, UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.
NS: Beeping noise
UCS: Puff of air
UCR: Blinking
CS: Beeping noise
CR: Blinking
________________________________________
NS = A stimulus that triggers no innate response; the subject has no relationship with this stimulus at the beginning of conditioning (Bell)
UCS = Unlearned stimulus - Naturally, and automatically triggers a response (Food)
UCR = Unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus (Salivation)
CS = A neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented (paired) prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus (Bell)
CR = Acquired/conditioned response triggered by the CS, which used to be the NS (Salivation)
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500
Give an example of negative reinforcement that hasn't been used.
Negative = Remove a stimulus
Positive = Add a stimulus
Reinforcement = Increase/maintain a behavior
Punishment = Decrease the frequency of a behavior
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