A
Anti-democratic political stance that favors placing political power in the hands of an elite group or a dictator
Authoritarianism
Major societal change arising from the clash of two opposing ideas, forces, or social contradictions
Dialectical Change
An economy that is both privately and publicly controlled
Mixed economy
Perfect political and social order
Utopia
Ethical concerns that are widely shared by all
socialists. Focusing on areas where these views diverged from democratic socialism: Difference in an attempt to establish a framework for socialism and questionable commitment to democracy.
Marxist Roots
For Marx, the social class composed of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production, and employers of wage-labor. In general, the middle class in a capitalist society
Bourgeoisie
Rule, sometimes coercive, by the overwhelming majority of workers in their own self-interest
Dictatorship of the Proletariat
Class of modern wage laborers
Proletariat
Society that provides social services to ensure better family life, health care, and housing; protection against unemployment; and security in old age
Welfare State
Bernstein, a social democrat’s views: modified his appreciation of Marx’s ideas and propped Socialism up as more supremely desirable. Rejected dictatorship of the proletariat; democracy crucial to his political philosophy. Adopted a philosophy of coexistence of socialism and capitalism in a mixed economy. Opted for reformist posture of class cooperation on the peaceful road to socialism
Revisionist Roots
In the modern period, conflict between the bourgeoisie (capitalist oppression) and the proletariat (working oppressed)
Class struggle
Political goal that stresses a belief in human equality, especially as it relates to social, political, and economic rights and privileges; political thought that unites socialists and traditional communists
Egalitarianism
As related to socialism and Marxism, adherents to an intellectual traditional that agrees with Karl Marx's outlook but opts for a peaceful, evolutionary path to socialism; led by Eduard Bernstein
Revisionists
British intellects. Advocated a moderate, pragmatic,
nondoctrinaire variety of gradual socialism. Sought practical solutions for practical problems. Constituted an influential lobby on behalf of social reform and planning.
Fabian Roots
Ideology that upholds equality by demanding an end of private wealth and insisting on public ownership of property and the means of production
Communism
Group of British intellectuals in the 19th and 20th centuries committed to the gradual achievement of socialism
Fabians
Ideology that espouses the complete political, economic, and social control of people and institutions by a dictatorial, single-party regime
Totalitarianism
Judaic-Christian prophetic tradition with an emphasis on justice and peace. Has a concern for poor and needy. This is Lansbury and Winstanley’s view of law
Religious Roots
Founding of Independent Labour Party. Had ideals of brotherhood, fellowship, service, and altruism; concern for social justice. Came to challenge, and then replaced the Liberal Party as the country’s second major party. Was a major source of strength of democratic socialism in Britain.
Trade Union Roots
Ideology committed to popular, constitutional rule and the protection of basic rights while maintaining that key aspects of economic life must be publicly owned, or socially controlled, to ensure an equitable distribution of the community's wealth
Belief that a society's economic structure is the underlying force behind all societal institutions, including law, politics, ethics, religion, philosophy, ideology, and art
Materialism
19th century writers who stressed cooperation and the possibilities of using education to change the social and economic environments
Utopian socialists
Stressed cooperation. Owen presented interesting views. Focusing on integrated industrial-agricultural society with faith in education and reform. It has tried forming national trade union and was a cooperative movement in Britain.
Utopian Roots
Ideas and actions of reformers set the stage for
democratic and socialist victories. Protested dreadful working conditions and maintained that laborers were not getting their fair share of what they created. Protested inequities in the way wealth was obtained and distributed. Called for social service and better quality of life.
Reformist Roots