Show:
Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA replication
Transcription
Translation
Mutations
100
What is Chargoff's rule?
A=T and C=G
100
Where does DNA replication take place?
nucleus
100
Where does transcription take place?
nucleus
100

Where does translation occur?

In the cytoplasm

100
What type of mutation has no effect on phenotype?
silent mutation
200
What nitrogen base does RNA have that DNA does not have?
uracil
200
When does replication occur?
S-phase of cell cycle
200
If one side of the DNA says ATGCATCG, what does the mRNA stand say?
UACGUAGC
200
How many amino acids are used to make all the proteins in the human body?
20
200

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence. What kind of mutation type is this?

frameshift

300
What are nucleotides named for?
their nitrogen bases
300
If one side of the DNA say ATTCGTA, what does the copied side say?
TAAGCAT
300
What is a codon?
a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid
300
The amino acid methionine pairs with which codon?
start codon
300
What type of cell must a mutation be in to be passed to offspring?
germ cells
400
What scientists figured out DNA was in a double helix and who's research helped them determine this?
Watson and Crick and Franklin's X-rays help them determine this
400

What does semiconservative mean?

Once replication is completed, you have 1 original strand and 1 new strand

400

What is the main job of mRNA?

Carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

400
If the mRNA codon says AUG, what does the anticodon say?
UAC
400
Give two examples of mutagens
UV radiation, X-rays, drugs.....
500
If you have 30% A in a DNA molecule, how much of C do you have?
20%
500

What is DNA polymerase's two jobs?

to read the original strand, build the new strands, and to proofread its work, 

500

What is the main difference between transcription and replication?

replication creates identical DNA copies for cell division, while transcription creates RNA copies (like mRNA) from a DNA template for gene expression. 

DNA-->DNA (replication)

DNA-->RNA (transcription)

500

What is the process of translation?

the process where cells use messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize proteins, a process that occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm, involving three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

500

What mutation is shown here? Be specific! 

AUG-CUG-AUU -> AUG-CUC-GAU-U..

an insertion mutation - Frameshift