Chapter 8.1: Equations for Chemical Reactions
name the parts of a chemical reaction that occur on either side of the reaction arrow
the products, the reactants
what do you use to balance a chemical equation
coefficients
What happens in a combination reaction?
2 or more elements or compounds combine to form 1 product.
Identify the single replacement reaction from the following reactions:
a. 2Al2O3(s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2(g)
b. Br2(l) + BaI2(s) → BaBr2(s) + I2(g)
c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
d. BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2KCl(aq)
e. Pb(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s)
b. Br2(l) + BaI2(s) → BaBr2(s) + I2(g)
Identify the double replacement reaction from the following reactions:
a. 2Al2O3(s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2(g)
b. Br2(l) + BaI2(s) → BaBr2(s) + I2(g)
c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
d. BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2KCl(aq)
e. Pb(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s)
d. BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2KCl(aq)
Identify the decomposition reaction from the following reactions:
a. 2Al2O3(s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2(g)
b. Br2(l) + BaI2(s) → BaBr2(s) + I2(g)
c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
d. BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2KCl(aq)
e. Pb(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s)
a. 2Al2O3(s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2(g)
Identify the combination reaction from the following reactions:
a. 2Al2O3(s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2(g)
b. Br2(l) + BaI2(s) → BaBr2(s) + I2(g)
c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
d. BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2KCl(aq)
e. Pb(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s)
e. Pb(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s)
Identify the combustion reaction from the following reactions:
a. 2Al2O3(s) → 4Al (s) + 3O2(g)
b. Br2(l) + BaI2(s) → BaBr2(s) + I2(g)
c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
d. BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → BaCO3(s) + 2KCl(aq)
e. Pb(s) + O2(g) → PbO2(s)
c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
When a reaction occurs and electrons are transferred from one substance to another it is called an
oxidation-reduction reaction
What are the states that compounds or elements can have in a chemical reaction indicated in parenthesis or comma after the compound or element
Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)
Aqueous (aq)
Balance this chemical equation:
N2(g) + O2(g) → NO(g)
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
What happens in a decomposition reaction?
a reactant splits into two or more products.
Which of the following equations is a single replacement reaction?
a. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
b. Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
c. CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
d. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6KOH(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)
e. C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
b. Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
Which of the following equations is a double replacement reaction?
a. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
b. Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
c. CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
d. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6KOH(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)
e. C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
d. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6KOH(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)
Which of the following equations is a decomposition reaction?
a. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
b. Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
c. CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
d. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6KOH(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)
e. C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
c. CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
Which of the following equations is a Combination reaction?
a. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
b. Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
c. CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
d. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6KOH(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)
e. C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
a. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
Which of the following equations is a combustion reaction?
a. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
b. Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
c. CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
d. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6KOH(aq) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3K2SO4(aq)
e. C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
e. C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
The loss of electrons is called _________. The gain of electrons is called __________.
Oxidation; Reduction
State the number of atoms of oxygen in the reactants and in the products for the following equation:
7 O atoms in the reactant
7 O atoms in the products
Balance this chemical equation:
Mg(s) + AgNO3(aq) → Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
What happens in a single replacement reaction and how do you determine if the reaction occurs?
a reacting element switches place with an element in the other reacting compound. You use the reactivity series to determine if the reaction will occur.
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
Mg(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) →
Mg(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Zn(s)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
K2S(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) →
K2S(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbS(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
2HBr(g) →
2HBr(g) → H2(g) + Br2(l)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
Mg(s) + Cl2(g) →
Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
C2H6(g) + O2(g)→
2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g)→ 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
Identify each of the following as an oxidation or a reduction:
a. Na+(aq) + e- → Na(s)
b. Ni(s) → Ni2+(aq) + 2e-
c. Cr3+(aq) + 3e- → Cr(s)
d. 2H+(aq) + 2e- → H2(g)
a. Reduction
b. oxidation
c. Reduction
d. Reduction
Determine whether the following equation is balanced or not balanced:
S(s)+O2(g)→SO3(g)
It is not balanced
Balance this chemical equation:
Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) → Fe(s) + CO2(g)
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
What happens in a double replacement reaction and what makes them unique?
The positive ions in the reacting compounds switch places. They are unique because the charges of ions do not change and thus they are never a redox reaction.
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
KI(s) + Cl2(g) →
2KI(s) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(s) + I2(g)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
CuCl2(aq) + Na2S(aq) →
CuCl2(aq) + Na2S(aq) → CuS(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
PbO2(s) →
2PbO2(s) → 2PbO(s) + O2(g)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
Ca(s) + O2(g) →
2Ca(s) + O2(g) → 2CaO(s)
Predict the products that would result from this reaction and balance it.
C6H6(l) + O2(g) →
2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
In each of the following, identify the reactant that is oxidized and the reactant that is reduced:
a. Zn(s) + Cl2(g) → ZnCl2(s)
b. Cl2(g) + 2NaBr(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + Br(l)
c. 2PbO(s) → 2Pb(s) + O2(g)
d. 2Fe3+(aq) + Sn2+(aq) → 2Fe2+(aq) + Sn4+(aq)
a. Zn is oxidized; Cl2 is reduced
b. The Br- in NaBr is oxidized; Cl2 is reduced
c. The O2- in PbO is oxidized; the Pb2+ in PbO is reduced
d. Sn2+ is oxidized; Fe3+ is reduced
State the number of atoms of each element in the reactants and products of the following equation:
2Na(s)+Cl2(g)→2NaCl(s)
2 Na
2 Cl
Write a balanced equation using the correct formulas and include conditions (s, l, g, or aq) for the following chemical reaction:
Lithium metal reacts with liquid water to form hydrogen gas and aqueous lithium hydroxided.
2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → H2(g) + 2LiOH(aq)
What happens in a combustion reaction and what must be present for one to occur?
A carbon containing compound burns in oxygen gas and produces CO2 and H2O. Oxygen gas (O2) must be present in the reactant side and heat must be applied for a combustion reaction to occur.
Using the activity series determine weather the reaction will occur or not:
a. Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
b. Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s)
c. Ag(s) + HCl(aq) → AgCl(aq) + H2(g)
d. Fe(s) + NaCl(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + Na(s)
a. Reaction occurs
b. no reaction
c. no reaction
d. no reaction
Predict the products and use the solubility rules determine which of these reactions will occur:
a. AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) →
b. BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) →
c. KNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) →
d. Ca(OH)₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) →
a. AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq) — reaction occurs
b. BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + NaCl(aq) — reaction occurs
c. KNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + NaNO₃(aq) — no reaction
d. Ca(OH)₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CaSO₄(s) + H₂O(l) — reaction occurs
Predict the products and balance this reaction:
CaCO3(s) →
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Predict the products and balance this reaction:
Al(s) + O2(g) →
Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
Predict the products and balance this reaction:
C3H8(g) + O2(g) →
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
In the mitochondria of human cells, energy is provided by the oxidation and reduction reactions of the iron ions in the cytochromes in electron transport. Identify each of the following as an oxidation or reduction:
a. Fe3+ + e- → Fe2+
b. Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e-
a. Reduction
b. Oxidation