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Key Terms
Planning D.I.
Conducting D.I.
Assessment/Eval; D&D
Managing Envt; Criticisms
100

an approach to teaching aimed at helping students learn basic knowledge and skills taught in a “step-by-step” fashion

Direct Instruction
100
Direct instruction is designed to promote student learning of(two types of knowledge):
Factual and Procedural Knowledge
100
What two things do teachers need to effectively demonstrate a skill or concept?
Mastery/Understanding and Rehearsal
100
For direct instruction, what should evaluations focus on?
Skill development(rather than declarative knowledge)
100
In direct instruction, who structures the learning environment?
The teacher
200
knowledge of results
feedback 
200
Give an example of a performance-oriented subject.
P.E., music, math, reading, writing
200
Explain the difference between guided and independent practice.
Guided practice: practice that takes place in the classroom under the guidance of the teacher; independent practice: a continuation of guided practice that takes form of seatwork or homework
200
Although performance-based tests are useful students engaging in direct instruction, what are some of the drawbacks for teachers?
They take more time to create and grade.
200
During a direct instruction lesson, what is the expected role of students?
To be attentive observers.
300

the theory that all behaviors are learned through environmental interactions; researchers in this field are interested in studying observable human behavior(not human thought or cognition

Behaviorism
300
Name one of the most widely recommended approaches for arranging a direct instruction classroom.
Horizontal Arrangement, Row-and-Column Formation
300
What is the ultimate goal of guided practice?
To increase overlearning
300
Name a method of tailoring direct instruction to reach as many students as possible.

vary the structure of the lesson, vary the nature of presentations and demonstrations, vary the nature of interaction, vary the nature of support, vary the use of practice, seatwork, and homework

300
What is a criticism of direct instruction in middle and high school?
Too much emphasis is placed on explaining and preparing concepts, thereby forcing the teacher to talk for 50-75% of class time.
400
an approach to studying teaching that looks at the relationship between teachers' observable behaviors and student achievement
Teacher Effectiveness Research
400
This educational tool helps teachers identify the "building blocks" required for students to be able to further develop their skills.
Learning Progressions
400
Why is feedback so important for students?
Without knowledge of results, practice is of little value for students(will not have tools to improve and refine)
400
Name a pro of diversity and differentiation in direct instruction.

Accommodations effectively adapt to student difference and abilities. It gives high-achieving learners an opportunity to explore further, and low-achieving students more direction. Low achieving students are more likely to succeed, while high achieving students have more time to expand their mind and participate in extra activities.


400
What does direct instruction, according to some critics, reinforce?
The idea that children are "empty vessels" waiting for the teacher to teach them(rather than active and curious learners)
500
dividing a complex skill into its component parts so it can be taught in a step-by-step fashion
Task Analysis
500
This educational device determines the procedures students need to complete to demonstrate mastery of a certain skill.
Task Analysis
500
In what situations should massed practice be used, as opposed to distributed practice?
When learning new skills. Distributed practice is more useful when refining new skills.
500
Name a con of diversity and differentiation in direct instruction.

Constantly trying to accommodate for multiple levels of students will result in less poignant lessons where the only opportunity to dive deeper into a subject is given to the high-achieving learners.

Because the teacher is focusing all his instruction time on low-achieving learners, he becomes an enabler.

Constantly providing lesson variety and extra opportunities, while trying to meet the needs of all students will overwork the teacher, and create ineffective lessons.


500
Although it is easy for many teachers to implement direct instruction lessons, what does it stop other teachers from doing?
Designing and implementing creative/innovative lessons