Population Growth
Exponential Growth
Rapid population increase without resource limits
Carrying Capacity
Maximum population an environment can support.
Total Fertility Rate
Average children per woman in a lifetime.
Emigration
Movement out of a country.
J curve
A graph showing exponential population growth.
Cultural Carrying Capacity
Optimal population considering quality of life.
Infant Mortality Rate
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births.
S curve
A graph showing population growth that stabilizes.
Crude Birth Rate
Births per 1,000 people per year.
Age Structure Diagram
Visual representation of age distribution in a population.
Doubling Time (Rule of 70)
Time for a population to double (70 ÷ growth rate).
Crude Death Rate
Deaths per 1,000 people per year.
Baby Boom Generation
People born post-WWII (1946–1964) with high birth rates
Demographic Transition
Shift from high to low birth and death rates.
Replacement Level Fertility
Birth rate needed to maintain population size
Immigration
Movement into a country.