Bureaucracy Basics
This is a large, complex organization that carries out federal policies
What is a bureaucracy?
The federal bureaucracy is divided into this many types
What is four?
This system hired workers based on their political support for the winning party rather than their training, education, or experience
What is patronage?
According to the text, these essential tasks include “regulating the economy,” “preserving the environment,” and “exploring outer space"
What are the essential tasks of the bureaucracy?
This part of the legislative branch audits the executive branch’s expenditures and supervises how that money is spent
What is GAO (Government Accountability Office)?
These exist at local, state, and national levels
At what levels of government do bureaucracies exist?
These agencies “perform a wide range of executive functions” as major divisions of the executive branch, including homeland security, veterans' affairs, transportation, health and human services, and many more
What are cabinet departments?
This act replaced patronage with a merit-based hiring system
What is the Pendleton Act?
These workers provide services and implement policies
Who are bureaucrats?
The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the legislative veto (a law that allowed one or both houses to overturn bureaucratic actions) in this 1983 case, a ruling that directly affected racial and minority politics
What is the case of Immigration and Naturalization Service vs. Chadha of 1983
According to the textbook, these individuals are responsible for how effective bureaucracy is.
What are the leaders and employees?
These commissions regulate sections of the economy
What are independent regulatory commissions?
According to the textbook, bureaucracies have “historically discriminated” against these groups
Who are women and minorities?
enforcement, rulemaking, and administrative adjudication are aspects of this
Implementation
According to the text, while two branches of government can freely control bureaucracies as they please, this branch of government can only act when an aggrieved party initiates a case challenging a bureaucratic decision or action
What is the Judicial branch?
According to the textbook, ________ bureaucracy carries out federal policies and provides services
What is federal bureaucracy?
NASA belongs to this type of agency
What are independent executive agencies?
This president urged Congress in 1993 to amend the Hatch Act so that federal employees could participate in political campaigns
Who is Bill Clinton?
This is the name for the policymaking alliance between bureaucratic agencies and other parts of the federal government, congressional committees, and interest groups
What is the iron triangle?
This is another way the courts are limited in controlling bureaucracy due to the need for specialized attorneys
What is the high cost of litigation?
This organization’s failure in Puerto Rico shows how leadership affects bureaucratic performance
What is FEMA?
These are federally run businesses, such as Amtrak and USPS
What are government corporations?
This place, while being U.S. territory, lacks representation in Congress and doesn't vote in the Electoral College that selects the president
What is Puerto Rico?
This alternative to the iron triangle involves “a variety of opposing interest groups, law firms, think tanks, academics, the media,” and more.
What are issue networks?
This power can influence bureaucratic behavior simply by threatening to reduce funding if bureaucratic agencies don't submit to its control
Congress