Solute= substance that is dissolved
Solvent= substance that does the dissolving
100
Three types of solutions and define each
Saturated= as much solute as a solution can contain
Unsaturated= contains less solute than a solution can contain
Supersaturated= contains more solute than a solution can normally contain
100
Produces hydronium ions in solution
What are acids?
100
Reaction between and acid and a base
What is neutralization
100
pH scale= ___ to ___
7= _______
Acids are _______ than 7
Bases are _______ than 7
0 to 14, neutral, less, greater
200
What are the three types of dissolving and define each?
Dissociation= separates into ions as it dissolves
Dispersion= breaks into small pieces as it dissolves
Ionization= neutral molecules become ionized as they dissolve (chemical change)
200
Factors that affect solubility
What are polarity, temperature, and pressure
200
Produce hydroxide ions in solution
What are bases?
200
Neutralization produces _______ and ________
What is salt and water
200
_____ ionize almost completely in solution and ______ dissociate almost completely in solution
What is Strong acids and strong bases
300
Physical properties of solutions that differ in solution from out of solution
What is conductivity, freezing point, and boiling point
300
Concentration can be expressed in what three ways
What is percent by volume, percent by mass, and molarity
300
Properties of acids
What are sour taste, reactivity with metals, and color change in indicators
300
______ are proton donors
What are acids
300
_______ and _____ ionize or dissociate only slightly in solution
What are weak acids and bases
400
Solution becomes warmer (endo or exo?)
Solution becomes cooler (endo or exo?)
Warmer= exothermic
Cooler= endothermic
400
The number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution
What is molarity
400
Properties of bases
What is bitter taste, slippery feel, and color change in indicators
400
______ are proton acceptors
What are bases?
400
A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH
What is buffer?
500
The difference in energies between breaking bonds and forming new bonds in a solution
What is heats of solution?
500
The maximum amount of a solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature
What is solubility?
500
Any substance that changes in the presence of acids and bases
What is an indicator?
500
measure of hydronium concentration
What is pH
500
A substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water